scholarly journals Application of paclobutrazol affect maize grain yield by regulating root morphological and physiological characteristics under a semi-arid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Su Wennan ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Meng Xiangping ◽  
Cui Wenwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

Contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to cowpea: a strategy for improving grain yield in the semi-arid region of Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. V. Martins ◽  
G. R. Xavier ◽  
F. W. Rangel ◽  
J. R. A. Ribeiro ◽  
M. C. P. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Analysis of variability, heritability, and interrelationships among grain yield and related characters in barley advanced lines

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Ahmadi ◽  
Behroz Vaezi ◽  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Semi Arid

The main goal of this study was to improve pure lines for low input agricultural areas of the semi-arid region of Iran and similar environmental conditions. Forty barley pure lines provided from ICARDA along with three check cultivars were evaluated under rain-fed conditions in a semi-arid region of Iran during two years (2011-2013). The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications to estimate genetic variation and heritability for agro-morphological traits. The highest values of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were observed for the number of grains per spike followed by peduncle length, early vigor and grain yield. The broad heritability estimates ranged from 24% for grain yield to 96% for the number of grains per spike. The highest and lowest expected genetic advance, observed for days to physiological maturity and the number of grains per spike, respectively. Results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that hectoliter grain weight and thousand grain weight exhibited the highest direct effects on grain yield, respectively. Comparisons between the pure lines and check cultivars indicated that out of 40 pure lines, 27 lines had a higher grain yield. Also, the pure lines No. 29, 13, 9 and 33 were identified as the superior lines for semi-arid environmental conditions. Our results indicate that check cultivars could be improved by selecting for pure lines with taller peduncle and the number of grains per spike, but with heavier grains. Therefore, these lines can be used as genetic material to broaden the genetic basis of barley breeding programs all over the world.

scholarly journals Water use of cowpea under deficit irrigation and cultivation systems in semi-arid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Rômulo M. O. de Freitas ◽  
Jeferson L. D. Dombroski ◽  
Francisco C. L. de Freitas ◽  
Narjara W. Nogueira ◽  
Tiago S. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT The resilience of crops to drought depends heavily on the cultural practices adopted, which can have a direct effect on water use efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of irrigation intervals on the growth, water consumption and water use efficiency of cowpea crops (cv. BRS Guariba) under conventional and no-tillage systems. The experiment was carried out in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, using a split-plot in a randomised complete block design, with four replications. Treatments consisted of two cultivation systems in the whole plots (conventional and no-tillage) and six irrigation intervals in the subplots (2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 days) which were applied at full bloom. The biomass of the different parts of the plant, leaf area and leaf area index were assessed at 64 days after sowing (DAS) and grain yield, water consumption and water use efficiency at 70 DAS. No-tillage is a promising cultivation technique for cowpea crops, promoting higher grain yield and water use efficiency under semi-arid conditions. This system allows cowpea cultivation with irrigation intervals of 10 or 14 days, with no or small reduction in yield, respectively.

Effect of conservation agriculture on soil properties and maize grain yield in the semi-arid Laikipia county, Kenya.

2022 ◽  
pp. 256-269
Author(s):  
Peter Kuria ◽  
Josiah Gitari ◽  
Saidi Mkomwa ◽  
Peter Waweru
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Content Assessment ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Low and unreliable rainfall, along with poor soil health, is a main constraint to maize production in the semi-arid parts of Kenya that account for over 79% of the country's land area. In the vast county of Laikipia, farmers continue to plant maize despite the predominantly low quantities of precipitation. Participatory farmer experimentation with Conservation Agriculture (CA) was undertaken for six consecutive growing seasons between July 2013 and December 2016 to determine the effectiveness of CA as a method of improving soil properties and enhancing maize yields with the limited rainfall quantities received in these parts of Kenya. The main CA practices tested include chisel tine furrow opening (ripping) and live legume (Lablab purpureus) cover crop, as well as maize stover mulches, all implemented under varying inorganic fertilizer rates. The research was done across 12 administrative locations of Laikipia County where soils are mainly Phaeozems and Vertisols with a clay-loam texture. The research design used was researcher-designed and farmer-managed. In each of the 12 trial sites, participatory farmers' assessments and field days were carried out as a way of outreach to the bigger farming communities around the trial sites. The research findings obtained demonstrated that the use of CA impacts positively on soil properties and is a viable practice for enhancing maize yields in these moisture deficit-prone parts of the country. Soil chemical analysis assessment results showed that CA impacted positively on a number of soil mineral components including organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and pH. Midseason chlorophyll content assessment of the maize crop showed that there was good response to fertilizer application, as well as to mulching with crop residues for soil cover. Maize grain yield data also showed that the use of a CA package comprising chisel tine ripping combined with mulching by plant residues and use of mineral fertilizer resulted in a two- to threefold increase in grain yields above the farmer practice control. Mean maize grain yield in farmer practice plots was 1067 kg ha-1 compared with the CA-treated plot with mineral fertilization that yielded 2192 kg ha-1.

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