scholarly journals Age-related differences in humoral and cellular immune responses after primary immunisation: indications for stratified vaccination schedules

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Wagner ◽  
Erika Garner-Spitzer ◽  
Joanna Jasinska ◽  
Herwig Kollaritsch ◽  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Primary Immunisation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Local immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection is diminished in senescence-accelerated mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 2552-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beixing Liu ◽  
Yoshinobu Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Aged Mouse ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

The effect of ageing on the local defence system against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was investigated using an aged mouse model of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) strain P1. Following intranasal infection with RSV, SAM-P1 mice showed a marked loss in weight, with elevated virus growth in the lungs and prolonged virus shedding. The increased susceptibility to RSV infection was associated mainly with diminished cellular immunity by local virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The deficiency in cellular immune responses was due to a lack of clonal expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, together with an imbalance of T-helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine production in the respiratory tract, including the lungs. Furthermore, the production of virus-specific local IgA antibody was restrained. Prolonged virus loading in the lungs of SAM-P1 mice caused a massive infiltration of CD16+/32+ inflammatory cells, which was one factor responsible for severe pneumonia. The adoptive transfer of immune-competent spleen cells achieved an appreciable protection for SAM-P1 mice against RSV challenge infection. These results suggested that age-related immune dysfunction, especially defects in cellular immune responses, accounts for the increased morbidity and mortality in RSV infection of the elderly.

scholarly journals Induction of Robust and Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Virus-Like Particles (BVDV-VLPs) Engineered with Baculovirus Expression Vector System

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Zhanhui Wang ◽  
Mengyao Liu ◽  
Haoran Zhao ◽  
Pengpeng Wang ◽  
Wenge Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Baculovirus Expression Vector System ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Baculovirus Expression ◽  
Baculovirus Expression Vector ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important animal pathogen that affects cattle. Infections caused by the virus have resulted in substantial economic losses and outbreaks of BVDV are reported globally. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine technology largely due to their safety and strong ability to elicit robust immune responses. In this study, we developed a strategy to generate BVDV-VLPs using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). We were able to assemble BVDV-VLPs composed of dimerized viral proteins E2 and Erns, and the VLPs were spherical particles with the diameters of about 50 nm. Mice immunized with 15 μg of VLPs adjuvanted with ISA201 elicited higher levels of E2-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies as well as higher BVDV-neutralizing activity in comparison with controls. Re-stimulation of the splenocytes collected from mice immunized with VLPs led to significantly increased levels of CD3+CD4+T cells and CD3+CD8+T cells. In addition, the splenocytes showed dramatically enhanced proliferation and the secretion of Th1-associated IFN-γ and Th2-associated IL-4 compared to that of the unstimulated control group. Taken together, our data indicate that BVDV-VLPs efficiently induced BVDV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, showing a promising potential of developing BVDV-VLP-based vaccines for the prevention of BVDV infections.

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