scholarly journals Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Kamath ◽  
Kezia Manlove ◽  
E. Frances Cassirer ◽  
Paul C. Cross ◽  
Thomas E. Besser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae

Abstract Spillover diseases have significant consequences for human and animal health, as well as wildlife conservation. We examined spillover and transmission of the pneumonia-associated bacterium Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep, and mountain goats across the western United States using 594 isolates, collected from 1984 to 2017. Our results indicate high genetic diversity of M. ovipneumoniae strains within domestic sheep, whereas only one or a few strains tend to circulate in most populations of bighorn sheep or mountain goats. These data suggest domestic sheep are a reservoir, while the few spillovers to bighorn sheep and mountain goats can persist for extended periods. Domestic goat strains form a distinct clade from those in domestic sheep, and strains from both clades are found in bighorn sheep. The genetic structure of domestic sheep strains could not be explained by geography, whereas some strains are spatially clustered and shared among proximate bighorn sheep populations, supporting pathogen establishment and spread following spillover. These data suggest that the ability to predict M. ovipneumoniae spillover into wildlife populations may remain a challenge given the high strain diversity in domestic sheep and need for more comprehensive pathogen surveillance.

Genome-wide cross-amplification of domestic sheep microsatellites in bighorn sheep and mountain goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. POISSANT ◽  
A. B. A. SHAFER ◽  
C. S. DAVIS ◽  
J. MAINGUY ◽  
J. T. HOGG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Cross Amplification ◽  
Wide Cross ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mountain Goats

scholarly journals Population genetic structure of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis), a colonizing weed in the western United States

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Sun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Marginal Population

Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.), a diploid annual native to the Mediterranean region, has rapidly colonized a variety of disturbed habitats in the western United States since its accidental introduction in the mid-19th century. Population genetic attributes were investigated in association with the species' colonizing success. Allozyme electrophoretic surveys were conducted for a total of 22 populations from California, Washington, and Idaho, including the southern and northern extremes of its distribution in the Pacific states. High levels of allozyme variation exist within populations, on average 43% of loci were polymorphic, with 2.88 alleles, a heterozygosity of 0.38, and gene diversity of 0.35 per polymorphic locus. At the species level, 56% of loci were polymorphic, with 2.85 alleles per locus, and the total gene diversity was 0.172. With the exception of a marginal population San Diego, the level of genetic diversity was similarly high in all regions. Lack of interpopulation genetic divergence (GST = 0.095) suggests that majority of the colonial populations were founded by a large number of genotypes and that high levels of gene flow may exist between local populations (Nm = 2.38). Information on genetic structure of the weed populations may aid our understanding of the species' colonizing ability in North America and is important for predicting the effectiveness of biological control program. Key words: allozyme variation, Centaurea solstitialis, population genetics, weed colonization, yellow starthistle.

Risk factors and productivity losses associated with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in United States domestic sheep operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kezia Manlove ◽  
Matthew Branan ◽  
Katie Baker ◽  
Daniel Bradway ◽  
E. Frances Cassirer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae

scholarly journals Survival of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) Commingled with Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) in the Absence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Besser ◽  
E. Frances Cassirer ◽  
Catherine Yamada ◽  
Kathleen A. Potter ◽  
Caroline Herndon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Mycoplasma Ovipneumoniae

scholarly journals Causes of Pneumonia Epizootics among Bighorn Sheep, Western United States, 2008–2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Besser ◽  
Margaret Highland ◽  
Katherine Baker ◽  
E. Frances Cassirer ◽  
Neil J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Western United States

Geographic Uniformity of the Lyme Disease Spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) and Its Shared History With Tick Vector (Ixodes scapularis) in the Northeastern United States

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-849
Author(s):  
Wei-Gang Qiu ◽  
Daniel E Dykhuizen ◽  
Michael S Acosta ◽  
Benjamin J Luft
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tick Vector

Abstract Over 80% of reported cases of Lyme disease in the United States occur in coastal regions of northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. The genetic structure of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) and its main tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) was studied concurrently and comparatively by sampling natural populations of I. scapularis ticks along the East Coast from 1996 to 1998. Borrelia is genetically highly diverse at the outer surface protein ospC. Since Borrelia is highly clonal, the ospC alleles can be used to define clones. A newly designed reverse line blotting (RLB) assay shows that up to 10 Borrelia clones can infect a single tick. The clone frequencies in Borrelia populations are the same across the Northeast. On the other hand, I. scapularis populations show strong regional divergence (among northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and southern states) as well as local differentiation. The high genetic diversity within Borrelia populations and the disparity in the genetic structure between Borrelia and its tick vector are likely consequences of strong balancing selection on local Borrelia clones. Demographically, both Borrelia and I. scapularis populations in the Northeast show the characteristics of a species that has recently expanded from a population bottleneck. Major geological and ecological events, such as the last glacial maximum (18,000 years ago) and the modern-day expansion of tick habitats, are likely causes of the observed “founder effects” for the two organisms in the Northeast. We therefore conclude that the genetic structure of B. burgdorferi has been intimately shaped by the natural history of its main vector, the northern lineage of I. scapularis ticks.

Glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium levels in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep and mountain goats

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2493-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Samson ◽  
Jon T. Jorgenson ◽  
W. D. Wishart
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Oreamnos Americanus ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Mountain Goat

Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were determined in the blood of wild and captive herds of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), as well as in one wild mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) herd. No significant relationship was established between blood selenium and GSH-Px activity for individual herds of bighorns, but when all herds were pooled, selenium was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with GSH-Px. The hypothesis that bighorn sheep would exhibit higher GSH-Px activity per unit of blood selenium than domestic cattle was not supported. One bighorn population had blood selenium levels below those considered deficient in domestic sheep, yet exhibited no clinical signs of selenium deficiency. A blood selenium by GSH-Px relationship did not exist for the single mountain goat herd sampled. The seven blood samples collected from mountain goats did not differ from those from bighorn sheep in their GSH-Px activity relative to blood selenium levels.

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