scholarly journals Reproducing the Rift Valley fever virus mosquito-lamb-mosquito transmission cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Wichgers Schreur ◽  
Rianka P. M. Vloet ◽  
Jet Kant ◽  
Lucien van Keulen ◽  
Jose L. Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Membrane Feeding

AbstractRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus that is pathogenic to ruminants and humans. The virus is endemic to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula where outbreaks are characterized by abortion storms and mortality of newborns, particularly in sheep herds. Vector competence experiments in laboratory settings have suggested that over 50 mosquito species are capable of transmitting RVFV. Transmission of mosquito-borne viruses in the field is however influenced by numerous factors, including population densities, blood feeding behavior, extrinsic incubation period, longevity of vectors, and viremia levels in vertebrate hosts. Animal models to study these important aspects of RVFV transmission are currently lacking. In the present work, RVFV was transmitted to European (Texel-swifter cross-breed) lambs by laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that were infected either by membrane feeding on a virus-spiked blood meal or by feeding on lambs that developed viremia after intravenous inoculation of RVFV. Feeding of mosquitoes on viremic lambs resulted in strikingly higher infection rates as compared to membrane feeding. Subsequent transmission of RVFV from lamb to lamb by infected mosquitoes was highly efficient in both models. The animal models described here can be used to study mosquito-mediated transmission of RVFV among the major natural target species and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines against mosquito-mediated RVFV infection.

scholarly journals Lethal mutagenesis of Rift Valley fever virus induced by favipiravir

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Borrego ◽  
Ana I. de Ávila ◽  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Alejandro Brun
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Lethal Mutagenesis

ABSTRACTRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne, zoonotic pathogen with recurrent outbreaks paying a considerable toll of human deaths in many African countries, for which no effective treatment is available. In cell culture studies and with laboratory animal models, the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (T-705) has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of several seasonal, chronic and emerging RNA virus infections of humans, suggesting applicability to control some viral outbreaks. Treatment with favipiravir was shown to reduce the infectivity of Rift Valley fever virus both in cell cultures and in experimental animal models, but the mechanism of this protective effect is not understood. In this work we show that favipiravir at concentrations well below the toxicity threshold estimated for cells is able to extinguish RVFV from infected cell cultures. Nucleotide sequence analysis has documented RVFV mutagenesis associated with virus extinction, with a significant increase in G to A and C to U transition frequencies, and a decrease of specific infectivity, hallmarks of lethal mutagenesis.

scholarly journals Vector competence ofCulex antennatusandAnopheles coustanimosquitoes for Rift Valley fever virus in Madagascar

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. J. J. NEPOMICHENE ◽  
F. N. RAHARIMALALA ◽  
S. F. ANDRIAMANDIMBY ◽  
J.-P. RAVALOHERY ◽  
A.-B. FAILLOUX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever

Rift Valley fever virus transmission by different Egyptian mosquito species

1987 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M. Gad ◽  
Mosaad M. Hassan ◽  
Sharif El Said ◽  
Mahmoud I. Moussa ◽  
Owen L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever

Animal models of Rift Valley fever virus infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted M. Ross ◽  
Nitin Bhardwaj ◽  
Stephanie J. Bissel ◽  
Amy L. Hartman ◽  
Darci R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever

Vector Potential of Selected North American Mosquito Species for Rift Valley Fever Virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Gargan ◽  
David J. Dohm ◽  
Michael J. Turell ◽  
Charles L. Bailey ◽  
Gary G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever

scholarly journals Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus RNA in Formalin-Fixed Mosquitoes by In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope®)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Sarah Lumley ◽  
Laura Hunter ◽  
Kirsty Emery ◽  
Roger Hewson ◽  
Anthony R. Fooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Valley Fever

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes a zoonotic mosquito-borne haemorrhagic disease that emerges to produce rapid large-scale outbreaks in livestock within sub-Saharan Africa. A range of mosquito species in Africa have been shown to transmit RVFV, and recent studies have assessed whether temperate mosquito species are also capable of transmission. In order to support vector competence studies, the ability to visualize virus localization in mosquito cells and tissue would enhance the understanding of the infection process within the mosquito body. Here, the application of in situ hybridization utilizing RNAscope® to detect RVFV infection within the mosquito species, Culex pipiens, derived from the United Kingdom was demonstrated. Extensive RVFV replication was detected in many tissues of the mosquito with the notable exception of the interior of ovarian follicles.

scholarly journals Wolbachia effects on Rift Valley fever virus infection in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L. Dodson ◽  
Elizabeth S. Andrews ◽  
Michael J. Turell ◽  
Jason L. Rasgon
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Valley Fever

AbstractInnovative tools are needed to alleviate the burden of mosquito-borne diseases, and strategies that target the pathogen instead of the mosquito are being considered. A possible tactic is the use of Wolbachia, a maternally inherited, endosymbiotic bacterium that can suppress diverse pathogens when introduced to naive mosquito species. We investigated effects of somatic Wolbachia (strain wAlbB) infection on Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in Culex tarsalis mosquitoes. When compared to Wolbachia-uninfected mosquitoes, there was no significant effect of Wolbachia infection on RVFV infection, dissemination, or transmission frequencies, nor on viral body or saliva titers. Within Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, there was a modest negative correlation between RVFV body titers and Wolbachia density, suggesting that Wolbachia may suppress RVFV in a density-dependent manner in this mosquito species. These results are contrary to previous work in the same mosquito species, showing Wolbachia-induced enhancement of West Nile virus infection rates. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of exploring the breadth of phenotypes induced by Wolbachia.Author SummaryAn integrated vector management program utilizes several practices, including pesticide application and source reduction, to reduce mosquito populations. However, mosquitoes are developing resistance to some of these methods and new control approaches are needed. A novel technique involves the bacterium Wolbachia that lives naturally in many insects. Wolbachia can be transferred to uninfected mosquitoes and can block pathogen transmission to humans. Additionally, Wolbachia is maternally inherited, allowing it to spread quickly through uninfected field populations of mosquitoes. We studied the impacts of Wolbachia on Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in the naturally uninfected mosquito, Culex tarsalis. Wolbachia had no effects on the ability of Culex tarsalis to become infected with or transmit RVFV. High densities of Wolbachia were associated with no virus infection or low levels of virus, suggesting that Wolbachia might suppress RVFV at high densities. These results contrast with our previous study that showed Wolbachia enhances West Nile virus infection in Culex tarsalis. Together, these studies highlight the importance of studying Wolbachia effects on a variety of pathogens so that control methods are not impeded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document