scholarly journals Electrode montage-dependent intracranial variability in electric fields induced by cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Klaus ◽  
Dennis J. L. G. Schutter
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Buccinator Muscle ◽  
Maximum Field Strength ◽  
Maximum Field

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an increasingly popular tool to investigate the involvement of the cerebellum in a variety of brain functions and pathologies. However, heterogeneity and small effect sizes remain a common issue. One potential cause may be interindividual variability of the electric fields induced by tDCS. Here, we compared electric field distributions and directions between two conventionally used electrode montages (i.e., one placing the return electrode over the ipsilateral buccinator muscle and one placing the return electrode [25 and 35 cm2 surface area, respectively] over the contralateral supraorbital area; Experiment 1) and six alternative montages (electrode size: 9 cm2; Experiment 2) targeting the right posterior cerebellar hemisphere at 2 mA. Interindividual and montage differences in the achieved maximum field strength, focality, and direction of current flow were evaluated in 20 head models and the effects of individual differences in scalp–cortex distance were examined. Results showed that while maximum field strength was comparable for all montages, focality was substantially improved for the alternative montages over inferior occipital positions. Our findings suggest that compared to several conventional montages extracerebellar electric fields are significantly reduced by placing smaller electrodes in closer vicinity of the targeted area.

Applications of transcranial direct current stimulation in children and pediatrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Nathzidy Rivera-Urbina ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario ◽  
Andrés Molero-Chamizo
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
History Of

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool with potential to increase or reduce regional and remote cortical excitability. Numerous studies have shown the ability of this technique to induce neuroplasticity and to modulate cognition and behavior in adults. Clinical studies have also demonstrated the ability of tDCS to induce therapeutic effects in several central nervous system disorders. However, knowledge about its ability to modulate brain functions in children or induce clinical improvements in pediatrics is limited. The objective of this review is to describe relevant data of some recent studies that may help to understand the potential of this technique in children with specific regard to effective and safe treatment of different developmental disorders in pediatrics. Overall, the results show that standard protocols of tDCS are well tolerated by children and have promising clinical effects. Nevertheless, treatment effects seem to be partially heterogeneous, and a case of a seizure in a child with previous history of infantile spasms and diagnosed epilepsy treated with tDCS for spasticity was reported. Further research is needed to determine safety criteria for tDCS use in children and to elucidate the particular neurophysiological changes induced by this neuromodulatory technique when it is applied in the developing brain.

scholarly journals The effect of oppositional parietal transcranial direct current stimulation on lateralized brain functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2904-2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia M. Li ◽  
Rob Leech ◽  
Gregory Scott ◽  
Paresh Malhotra ◽  
Barry Seemungal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Brain Functions

scholarly journals Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation for treating depression: A modeling study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Csifcsák ◽  
Nya Mehnwolo Boayue ◽  
Oula Puonti ◽  
Axel Thielscher ◽  
Matthias Mittner
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) above the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) has been widely used to improve symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the effects of different stimulation protocols in the entire frontal lobe have not been investigated in a large sample including patient data.Methods: We used 38 head models created from structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 healthy adults and 19 MDD patients and applied computational modeling to simulate the spatial distribution of tDCS-induced electric fields (EFs) in 20 frontal regions. We evaluated effects of seven bipolar and two multi-electrode 4x1 tDCS protocols.Results: For bipolar montages, EFs were of comparable strength in the lDLPFC and in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Depending on stimulation parameters, EF cortical maps varied to a considerable degree, but were found to be similar in controls and patients. 4x1 montages produced more localized, albeit weaker effects.Limitations: White matter anisotropy was not modeled. The relationship between EF strength and clinical response to tDCS could not be evaluated.Conclusions: In addition to lDLPFC stimulation, excitability changes in the MPFC should also be considered as a potential mechanism underlying clinical efficacy of bipolar montages. MDD-associated anatomical variations are not likely to substantially influence current flow. Individual modeling of tDCS protocols can substantially improve cortical targeting. We make recommendations for future research to explicitly test the contribution of lDLPFC vs. MPFC stimulation to therapeutic outcomes of tDCS in this disorder.

scholarly journals Evidence of transcranial direct current stimulation-generated electric fields at subthalamic level in human brain in vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Y. Chhatbar ◽  
Steven A. Kautz ◽  
Istvan Takacs ◽  
Nathan C. Rowland ◽  
Gonzalo J. Revuelta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Abstract WP139: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Generates Electric Fields (EF) at the Level of Deep Nuclei of the Human Brain in vivo

Stroke ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Y Chhatbar ◽  
Steven A Kautz ◽  
Istvan Takacs ◽  
Nathan C Rowland ◽  
Gonzalo J Revuelta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation
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