Infants with congenital heart defects have reduced brain volumes

AbstractChildren with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have increased risk of cognitive disabilities for reasons not fully understood. Previous studies have indicated signs of disrupted fetal brain growth from mid-gestation measured with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infants with CHDs have decreased brain volumes at birth. We measured the total and regional brain volumes of infants with and without CHDs using MRI to investigate, if certain areas of the brain are at particular risk of disrupted growth. MRI brain volumetry analyses were performed on 20 infants; 10 with- (postmenstrual age 39–54 weeks, mean 44 weeks + 5 days) and 10 without CHDs (postmenstrual age 39–52 weeks, mean 43 weeks + 5 days). In six infants with- and eight infants without CHDs grey and white matter were also differentiated. Infants with CHDs had smaller brains (48 ml smaller; 95% CI, 6.1–90; p = 0.03), cerebrums (37.8 ml smaller; 95% CI, 0.8–74.8; p = 0.04), and cerebral grey matter (25.8 ml smaller; 95% CI, 3.5–48; p = 0.03) than infants without CHD. Brain volume differences observed within weeks after birth in children with CHDs confirm that the brain impact, which increase the risk of cognitive disabilities, may begin during pregnancy.

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Identification of Second Trimester Screen Positive Pregnancies at Increased Risk for Congenital Heart Defects

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey ◽

10.1097/01.ogx.0000359274.99100.5a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 652-653

Author(s):

Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski ◽

Lynn Walton-Haynes ◽

Robert J. Currier

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Increased Risk

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The incidence and diagnostics of congenital heart defects in Kaunas infant population during 1999–2005

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44020018 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Virginija Dulskienë ◽

Vilija Malinauskienë ◽

Ada Azaravièienë ◽

Renata Kuèienë

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Epidemiological Methods ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Congenital Heart Malformations ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Heart Malformation ◽

Heart Malformations

The objective of this study was to determinate the incidence and diagnostics of congenital heart defects in Kaunas infant population in 1999–2005 and to compare the data obtained with the data of years 1995–1998. Subject and methods. The study population comprised all newborns born in Kaunas city during 1999– 2005. Congenital heart defects were registered based on clinical diagnosis after its verification using the data from consulting centers and pediatric outpatient departments. To assess the incidence of congenital heart malformations in newborn population, we conducted a validated newborn register based on maternal residential district. Modern epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results. In 1999–2005, there were 24 069 live births in Kaunas: 2231 newborns were born with congenital anomalies, 198 had congenital heart malformations. The incidence of congenital heart defects was 8.2 per 1000 live newborns. The majority of congenital heart malformations were diagnosed in delivery units (93.94%). We have analyzed the relationship between birth weight and gestational age of newborns with congenital heart malformations. Newborns with low birth weight were at significantly higher risk of congenital heart malformation than newborns with normal birth weight (OR=3.52, 95% CI, 2.25–5.47). Our data also showed that newborns born before 32 weeks of gestation had a 5-fold increased risk of congenital heart malformation (OR=5.20; 95% CI, 2.50–10.84) and infants born before 37 weeks of gestation had a 4-fold increased risk (OR=4.08; 95% CI, 2.68–6.19) compared with newborns born after 37 weeks of gestation. Conclusions. This study shows that incidence of congenital heart anomalies in Kaunas newborn population was 8.2 cases per 1000 live newborns in 1999–2005. It was determined that during 1999–2005, the number of above-mentioned anomalies diagnosed in delivery units increased by 23%.

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Eight-fold increased risk for congenital heart defects in children carrying the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase polymorphism and exposed to medicines and low nicotinamide

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehn170 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1424-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

L. M.J.W. van Driel ◽

H. P.M. Smedts ◽

W. A. Helbing ◽

A. Isaacs ◽

J. Lindemans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Increased Risk

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Increased Risk for Non-Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in Young Patients with Congenital Heart Defects

Yearbook of Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.yend.2012.04.035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 145-146

Author(s):

A. Thiel ◽

M. Schott

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Young Patients ◽

Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽

Increased Risk

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Maternal Obesity and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: the Mediation Effect of Pregestational Diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-430110/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Xia Wu ◽

Ru-Xiu Ge ◽

Le Huang ◽

Fu-Ying Tian ◽

Yi-Xuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Pregestational Diabetes ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects worldwide. Maternal obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for CHDs, but the results are controversial and inconclusive. Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) is well known as a risk factor for CHDs and is closely related to obesity. However, the effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs has not been investigated.Objectives We aimed to explore the association between maternal obesity and CHDs and to further evaluate the mediation effect of PGDM on this association.Methods We involved 53708 mother-infant pairs with deliveries between 2017 and 2019 from the Birth Cohort in Shenzhen (BiCoS). Mothers were categorized into four groups: the underweight group (BMI < 18.5), normal weight group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24), overweight group (24 ≤ BMI < 28) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28). To evaluate the association between BMI and CHDs, we fit multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for maternal age, maternal education level, mode of conception, parity, GDM and offspring sex. Mediation analysis was used to confirm the mediation effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs.Results The proportion of obese individuals in the BiCoS was 2.11%. Overall, 372 (0.69%) infants were diagnosed with CHDs. The prevalence of CHDs in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese individuals was 0.64%, 0.68%, 0.72% and 1.24%, respectively. Maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of CHDs (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.14–3.41). The offspring of women with PGDM were 6.88 times (95% CI 4.11–11.53) more likely to have CHDs than the offspring of mothers without PGDM. The mediation effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs was significant (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.32). The estimated mediation proportion was 24.83%.Conclusion Our findings suggested that maternal obesity was associated with CHDs and that PGDM partially mediated the association between maternal obesity and CHDs.

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