scholarly journals The modulation of neural insular activity by a brain computer interface differentially affects pain discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Taesler ◽  
Michael Rose
Keyword(s):  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Theta Band Power

AbstractThe experience of pain is generated by activations throughout a complex pain network with the insular cortex as a central processing area. The state of ongoing oscillatory activity can influence subsequent processing throughout this network. In particular the ongoing theta-band power can be relevant for later pain processing, however a direct functional relation to post-stimulus processing or behaviour is missing. Here, we used a non-invasive brain–computer interface to either increase or decrease ongoing theta-band power originating in the insular cortex. Our results show a differential modulation of oscillatory power and even more important a transfer to independently measured pain processing and sensation. Pain evoked neural power and subjective pain discrimination were differentially affected by the induced modulations of the oscillatory state. The results demonstrate a functional relevance of insular based theta-band oscillatory states for the processing and subjective discrimination of nociceptive stimuli and offer the perspective for clinical applications.

Effects of mental workload and fatigue on the P300, alpha and theta band power during operation of an ERP (P300) brain–computer interface

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Käthner ◽  
Selina C. Wriessnegger ◽  
Gernot R. Müller-Putz ◽  
Andrea Kübler ◽  
Sebastian Halder
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Theta Band Power

scholarly journals Event-related and oscillatory signatures of response inhibition: A magnetoencephalography study with subclinical high and low impulsivity adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Jauregi ◽  
Hongfang Wang ◽  
Stefanie Hassel ◽  
Klaus Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Theta Band Power

Inhibition, the ability to withhold a response or to stop an initiated response, is a necessary cognitive function that can be vulnerable to an impairment. High levels of impulsivity have been shown to impact response inhibition and/or cognitive task performance. The present study investigated the spectral and spatio-temporal dynamics of response inhibition, during a combined go/no-go/stop-signal task, using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a healthy undergraduate student population. Participants were divided by their level of impulsivity, as assessed by self-report measures, to explore potential differences between high (n=17) and low (n=17) impulsivity groups. Results showed that individuals scoring high on impulsivity failed significantly more NOGO and STOP trials than those scoring low, but no significant differences were found between stop-signal reaction times. During NOGO and STOP conditions, high impulsivity individuals showed significantly smaller M1 components in posterior regions, which could suggest an attentional processing deficit. During NOGO trials, the M2 component was found to be reduced in individuals scoring high, possibly reflecting less pre-motor inhibition efficiency, whereas in STOP trials, the network involved in the stopping process was engaged later in high impulsivity individuals. The high impulsivity group also engaged frontal networks more during the STOP-M3 component only, possibly as a late compensatory process. The lack of response time differences on STOP trials could indicate that compensation was effective to some degree (at the expense of higher error rates). Decreased frontal delta and theta band power was observed in high impulsivity individuals, suggesting a possible deficit in frontal pathways involved in motor suppression, however, unexpectedly, increased delta and theta band power in central and posterior sensors was also observed, which could be indicative of an increased effort to compensate for frontal deficits. Individuals scoring highly also showed decreased alpha power in frontal sensors, suggesting decreased inhibitory processing, along with reduced alpha suppression in posterior regions, reflecting reduced cue processing. These results provide evidence for how personality traits, such as impulsivity, relate to differences in the neural correlates of response inhibition.

Hemispheric differences over frontal theta-band power discriminate between stimulus- versus memory-driven saccadic eye movement

2011 ◽  
Vol 504 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Velasques ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Flávia Paes ◽  
Juliana Bittencourt ◽  
Clayton Amaral Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Theta Band Power

Amygdaloid theta-band power increases during conflict processing in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Austin M. Tang ◽  
Kuang-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Angad S. Gogia ◽  
Roberto Martin Del Campo-Vera ◽  
Rinu Sebastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theta Band ◽  
Conflict Processing ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Theta Band Power

scholarly journals Home used, patient self-managed, brain-computer interface for the management of central neuropathic pain post spinal cord injury: usability study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. H. Al-Taleb ◽  
M. Purcell ◽  
M. Fraser ◽  
N. Petric-Gray ◽  
A. Vuckovic
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Central Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Central Neuropathic Pain (CNP) is a frequent chronic condition in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Previously, we showed that using laboratory brain-computer interface (BCI) technology for neurofeedback (NFB) training, it was possible to reduce CNP in people with SCI. In this study, we show results of patient self-managed treatment in their homes with a BCI-NFB using a consumer EEG device. Methods Users: People with chronic SCI (17 M, 3 F, 50.6 ± 14.1 years old), and CNP ≥4 on a Visual Numerical Scale. Location: Laboratory training (up to 4 sessions) followed by home self-managed NFB. User Activity: Upregulating the EEG alpha band power by 10% above a threshold and at the same time downregulating the theta and upper beta (20-30 Hz) band power by 10% at electrode location C4. Technology: A consumer grade multichannel EEG headset (Epoch, Emotiv, USA), a tablet computer and custom made NFB software. Evaluation: EEG analysis, before and after NFB assessment, interviews and questionnaires. Results Effectiveness: Out of 20 initially assessed participants, 15 took part in the study. Participants used the system for 6.9 ± 5.5 (median 4) weeks. Twelve participants regulated their brainwaves in a frequency specific manner and were most successful upregulating the alpha band power. However they typically upregulated power around their individual alpha peak (7.6 ± 0.8 Hz) that was lower than in people without CNP. The reduction in pain experienced was statistically significant in 12 and clinically significant (greater than 30%) in 8 participants. Efficiency: The donning was between 5 and 15 min, and approximately 10–20% of EEG data recorded in the home environment was noise. Participants were mildly stressed when self-administering NFB at home (2.4 on a scale 1–10). User satisfaction: Nine participants who completed the final assessment reported a high level of satisfaction (QUESQ, 4.5 ± 0.8), naming effectiveness, ease of use and comfort as main priorities. The main factors influencing frequency of NFB training were: health related issues, free time and pain intensity. Conclusion Portable NFB is a feasible solution for home-based self-managed treatment of CNP. Compared to pharmacological treatments, NFB has less side effects and provides users with active control over pain. Trial registration GN15NE124, Registered 9th June 2016.

scholarly journals Dopaminergic hypo-activity and reduced theta-band power in autism spectrum disorder: A resting-state EEG study

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Hornung ◽  
Wen-Hsuan Chan ◽  
Ralph-Axel Müller ◽  
Jeanne Townsend ◽  
Brandon Keehn
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Theta Band Power

scholarly journals Balance task difficulty affects postural sway and cortical activity in healthy adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. 1323-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnd Gebel ◽  
Tim Lehmann ◽  
Urs Granacher
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
Theta Band Power

Abstract Electroencephalographic (EEG) research indicates changes in adults’ low frequency bands of frontoparietal brain areas executing different balance tasks with increasing postural demands. However, this issue is unsolved for adolescents when performing the same balance task with increasing difficulty. Therefore, we examined the effects of a progressively increasing balance task difficulty on balance performance and brain activity in adolescents. Thirteen healthy adolescents aged 16–17 year performed tests in bipedal upright stance on a balance board with six progressively increasing levels of task difficulty. Postural sway and cortical activity were recorded simultaneously using a pressure sensitive measuring system and EEG. The power spectrum was analyzed for theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha-2 (10–12 Hz) frequency bands in pre-defined frontal, central, and parietal clusters of electrocortical sources. Repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) showed a significant main effect of task difficulty for postural sway (p < 0.001; d = 6.36). Concomitantly, the power spectrum changed in frontal, bilateral central, and bilateral parietal clusters. RmANOVAs revealed significant main effects of task difficulty for theta band power in the frontal (p < 0.001, d = 1.80) and both central clusters (left: p < 0.001, d = 1.49; right: p < 0.001, d = 1.42) as well as for alpha-2 band power in both parietal clusters (left: p < 0.001, d = 1.39; right: p < 0.001, d = 1.05) and in the central right cluster (p = 0.005, d = 0.92). Increases in theta band power (frontal, central) and decreases in alpha-2 power (central, parietal) with increasing balance task difficulty may reflect increased attentional processes and/or error monitoring as well as increased sensory information processing due to increasing postural demands. In general, our findings are mostly in agreement with studies conducted in adults. Similar to adult studies, our data with adolescents indicated the involvement of frontoparietal brain areas in the regulation of postural control. In addition, we detected that activity of selected brain areas (e.g., bilateral central) changed with increasing postural demands.

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