scholarly journals Phantom and clinical assessment of small pulmonary nodules using Q.Clear reconstruction on a silicon-photomultiplier-based time-of-flight PET/CT system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Wu ◽  
Binwei Guo ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Xinzhong Hao ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Quantification Accuracy ◽  
Small Pulmonary Nodules

AbstractTo evaluate the quantification accuracy of different positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) reconstruction algorithms, we measured the recovery coefficient (RC) and contrast recovery (CR) in phantom studies. The results played a guiding role in the partial-volume-effect correction (PVC) for following clinical evaluations. The PET images were reconstructed with four different methods: ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM), OSEM with time-of-flight (TOF), OSEM with TOF and point spread function (PSF), and Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL, known as Q.Clear in the PET/CT of GE Healthcare). In clinical studies, SUVmax and SUVmean (the maximum and mean of the standardized uptake values, SUVs) of 75 small pulmonary nodules (sub-centimeter group: < 10 mm and medium-size group: 10–25 mm) were measured from 26 patients. Results show that Q.Clear produced higher RC and CR values, which can improve quantification accuracy compared with other methods (P < 0.05), except for the RC of 37 mm sphere (P > 0.05). The SUVs of sub-centimeter fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid pulmonary nodules with Q.Clear illustrated highly significant differences from those reconstructed with other algorithms (P < 0.001). After performing the PVC, highly significant differences (P < 0.001) still existed in the SUVmean measured by Q.Clear comparing with those measured by the other algorithms. Our results suggest that the Q.Clear reconstruction algorithm improved the quantification accuracy towards the true uptake, which potentially promotes the diagnostic confidence and treatment response evaluations with PET/CT imaging, especially for the sub-centimeter pulmonary nodules. For small lesions, PVC is essential.

scholarly journals Improved Absolute Quantification using Bayesian Penalized Likelihood Reconstruction on a Digital PET/CT – Towards True Uptake Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Wu ◽  
Zhixing Qin ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Binwei Guo ◽  
Xinzhong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penalized Likelihood ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Pet ◽  
Quantification Accuracy ◽  
Small Pulmonary Nodules

Abstract Background To evaluate the quantification accuracy, we measured the recovery coefficient (RC) and contrast recovery (CR) in a phantom study and used it as a guide in clinical evaluation about digital positron emission tomography -computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods The RC and CR of the PET images reconstructed with 4 different methods [ordered subsets expectation maximazation (OSEM), time of flight(TOF), TOF-point spread function (PSF), bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL)] were measured in the phantom study. And, SUVmax and SUVmean (the maximum and mean of the standardized uptake values, SUVs) of 75 small pulmonary nodules (sub-centimeter group: <10 mm and medium size group: 10 - 25 mm) from 26 patients were measured with those methods. For lesions smaller than 3 times of the spatial resolution, partial-volume-effect correction (PVC) based on RC values was performed. Results BPL enables higher RC and CR values, which can improve quantification accuracy compared with other methods (P < 0.05), except for the RC of 37 mm sphere (P > 0.05). The SUVs of sub-centimeter fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid pulmonary nodules with BPL illustrated highly significant difference from those reconstructed with other algorithms (P<0.001). However, reconstruction algorithms had less impact on SUVs measured in medium group (P>0.05). With the PVC, highly significant difference (P<0.001) still existed in the SUVmean measured on BPL compared with those measured on the other 3 algorithms, although PVC had the least effect on BPL. Conclusions BPL on the digital PET/CT demonstrated improved quantification accuracy. For small pulmonary nodules, PVC is important.

scholarly journals Improved Absolute Quantification using Bayesian Penalized Likelihood Reconstruction on a Digital PET/CT – Towards True Uptake Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Wu ◽  
Zhixing Qin ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Binwei Guo ◽  
Xinzhong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penalized Likelihood ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Pet ◽  
Quantification Accuracy ◽  
Small Pulmonary Nodules

Abstract Background To evaluate the quantification accuracy, we measured the recovery coefficient (RC) and contrast recovery (CR) in a phantom study and used it as a guide in clinical evaluation about digital positron emission tomography -computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods The RC and CR of the PET images reconstructed with 4 different methods [ordered subsets expectation maximazation (OSEM), time of flight(TOF), TOF-point spread function (PSF), bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL)] were measured in the phantom study. And, SUVmax and SUVmean (the maximum and mean of the standardized uptake values, SUVs) of 75 small pulmonary nodules (sub-centimeter group: <10 mm and medium size group: 10 - 25 mm) from 26 patients were measured with those methods. For lesions smaller than 3 times of the spatial resolution, partial-volume-effect correction (PVC) based on RC values was performed. Results BPL enables higher RC and CR values, which can improve quantification accuracy compared with other methods (P < 0.05), except for the RC of 37 mm sphere (P > 0.05). The SUVs of sub-centimeter fludeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid pulmonary nodules with BPL illustrated highly significant difference from those reconstructed with other algorithms (P<0.001). However, reconstruction algorithms had less impact on SUVs measured in medium group (P>0.05). With the PVC, highly significant difference (P<0.001) still existed in the SUVmean measured on BPL compared with those measured on the other 3 algorithms, although PVC had the least effect on BPL. Conclusions BPL on the digital PET/CT demonstrated improved quantification accuracy. For small pulmonary nodules, PVC is important.

scholarly journals Comparison between silicon photomultiplier-based and conventional PET/CT in patients with suspected lung cancer—a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Economou Lundeberg ◽  
Jenny Oddstig ◽  
Ulrika Bitzén ◽  
Elin Trägårdh
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Expectation Maximization ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Background Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Early detection and correct staging are fundamental for treatment and prognosis. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) is recommended clinically. Silicon (Si) photomultiplier (PM)-based PET technology and new reconstruction algorithms are hoped to increase the detection of small lesions and enable earlier detection of pathologies including metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of a SiPM-based PET/CT (including a new block-sequential regularization expectation maximization (BSREM) reconstruction algorithm) with a conventional PM-based PET/CT including a conventional ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithm. The focus was patients admitted for 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for initial diagnosis and staging of suspected lung cancer. Patients were scanned on both a SiPM-based PET/CT (Discovery MI; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, MI, USA) and a PM-based PET/CT (Discovery 690; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, MI, USA). Standardized uptake values (SUV) and image interpretation were compared between the two systems. Image interpretations were further compared with histopathology when available. Results Seventeen patients referred for suspected lung cancer were included in our single injection, dual imaging study. No statically significant differences in SUVmax of suspected malignant primary tumours were found between the two PET/CT systems. SUVmax in suspected malignant intrathoracic lymph nodes was 10% higher on the SiPM-based system (p = 0.026). Good consistency (14/17 cases) between the PET/CT systems were found when comparing simplified TNM staging. The available histology results did not find any obvious differences between the systems. Conclusion In a clinical setting, the new SiPM-based PET/CT system with a new BSREM reconstruction algorithm provided a higher SUVmax for suspected lymph node metastases compared to the PM-based system. However, no improvement in lung cancer detection was seen.

scholarly journals Penalized PET/CT Reconstruction Algorithms with Automatic Realignment for Anatomical Priors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Tsai ◽  
Alexandre Bousse ◽  
Simon Arridge ◽  
Charles W. Stearns ◽  
Brian F. Hutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Anatomical Priors

Accuracy of transmission CT and FDG-PET in the detection of small pulmonary nodules with integrated PET/CT

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 692-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Aquino ◽  
Landon B. Kuester ◽  
Victorine V. Muse ◽  
Elkan F. Halpern ◽  
Alan J. Fischman
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Small Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Transmission Ct

scholarly journals Direct comparison of brain [18F]FDG images acquired by SiPM-based and PMT-based PET/CT: phantom and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Wagatsuma ◽  
Muneyuki Sakata ◽  
Kenji Ishibashi ◽  
Akira Hirayama ◽  
Hirofumi Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Image Noise ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Timing Resolution ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Pet Scanners

Abstract Background Silicon photomultiplier-positron emission tomography (SiPM-PET) has better sensitivity, spatial resolution, and timing resolution than photomultiplier tube (PMT)-PET. The present study aimed to clarify the advantages of SiPM-PET in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) brain imaging in a head-to-head comparison with PMT-PET in phantom and clinical studies. Methods Contrast was calculated from images acquired from a Hoffman 3D brain phantom, and image noise and uniformity were calculated from images acquired from a pool phantom using SiPM- and PMT-PET. Sequential PMT-PET and SiPM-PET [18F]FDG images were acquired over a period of 10 min from 22 controls and 10 patients. All images were separately normalized to a standard [18F]FDG PET template, then the mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) and Z-score were calculated using MIMneuro and CortexID Suite, respectively. Results Image contrast, image noise, and uniformity in SiPM-PET changed 19.2, 3.5, and − 40.0% from PMT-PET, respectively. These physical indices of both PET scanners satisfied the criteria for acceptable image quality published by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine of contrast > 55%, CV ≤ 15%, and SD ≤ 0.0249, respectively. Contrast was 70.0% for SiPM-PET without TOF and 59.5% for PMT-PET without TOF. The TOF improved contrast by 3.5% in SiPM-PET. The SUVmean using SiPM-PET was significantly higher than PMT-PET and did not correlate with a time delay. Z-scores were also significantly higher in images acquired from SiPM-PET (except for the bilateral posterior cingulate) than PMT-PET because the peak signal that was extracted by the calculation of Z-score in CortexID Suite was increased. The hypometabolic area in statistical maps was reduced and localized using SiPM-PET. The trend was independent of whether the images were derived from controls or patients. Conclusions The improved spatial resolution and sensitivity of SiPM-PET contributed to better image contrast and uniformity in brain [18F]FDG images. The SiPM-PET offers better quality and more accurate quantitation of brain PET images. The SUVmean and Z-scores were higher in SiPM-PET than PMT-PET due to improved PVE. [18F]FDG images acquired using SiPM-PET will help to improve diagnostic outcomes based on statistical image analysis because SiPM-PET would localize the distribution of glucose metabolism on Z-score maps.

scholarly journals Comparison of conventional and Si-photomultiplier-based PET systems for image quality and diagnostic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Oddstig ◽  
Sigrid Leide Svegborn ◽  
Helen Almquist ◽  
Ulrika Bitzén ◽  
Sabine Garpered ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Noise Ratio

Abstract Background A new generation of positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) was recently introduced using silicon (Si) photomultiplier (PM)-based technology. Our aim was to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of a SiPM-based PET-CT (Discovery MI; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a time-of-flight PET-CT scanner with a conventional PM detector (Gemini TF; Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA), including reconstruction algorithms per vendor’s recommendations. Methods Imaging of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association IEC body phantom and 16 patients was carried out using 1.5 min/bed for the Discovery MI PET-CT and 2 min/bed for the Gemini TF PET-CT. Images were analysed for recovery coefficients for the phantom, signal-to-noise ratio in the liver, standardized uptake values (SUV) in lesions, number of lesions and metabolic TNM classifications in patients. Results In phantom, the correct (> 90%) activity level was measured for spheres ≥17 mm for Discovery MI, whereas the Gemini TF reached a correct measured activity level for the 37-mm sphere. In patient studies, metabolic TNM classification was worse using images obtained from the Discovery MI compared those obtained from the Gemini TF in 4 of 15 patients. A trend toward more malignant, inflammatory and unclear lesions was found using images acquired with the Discovery MI compared with the Gemini TF, but this was not statistically significant. Lesion-to-blood-pool SUV ratios were significantly higher in images from the Discovery MI compared with the Gemini TF for lesions smaller than 1 cm (p < 0.001), but this was not the case for larger lesions (p = 0.053). The signal-to-noise ratio in the liver was similar between platforms (p = 0.52). Also, shorter acquisition times were possible using the Discovery MI, with preserved signal-to-noise ratio in the liver. Conclusions Image quality was better with Discovery MI compared to conventional Gemini TF. Although no gold standard was available, the results indicate that the new PET-CT generation will provide potentially better diagnostic performance.

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