scholarly journals Metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China on a patient infected with Varicella Zoster Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guo ◽  
Pierre Rivailler ◽  
Jiangxia Wang ◽  
Huanyu Wang ◽  
Wenbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Swab Sample ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Bacterial Superinfection

AbstractVaricella Zoster Virus (VZV) is endemic worldwide, causing varicella in children and zoster upon reactivation in adults. This study concerned a metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China, on a young patient suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and diagnosed with varicella. The complete genome sequence of a VZV strain of clade 2 has been generated. Clade 2 strains are the most prevalent in Asian countries. A comparison of 223 VZV genomes identified 77 clade specific markers, 20 of them specific to clade 2. The metagenomic analysis also identified sequences covering most of the genome of the bacteria Schaalia odontolytica also known as Actinomyces odontolyticus. VZV infection and bacterial infection in the context of SLE is further discussed. Even though the patient presented only mild symptoms, this study is a reminder that vaccination against VZV is critical to avoid severe complications like bacterial superinfection or even death in the case of immunodeficiency.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of a Throat Swab Sample Collected in China on A Patient Infected With Varicella Zoster Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guo ◽  
Pierre Rivailler ◽  
Jiangxia Wang ◽  
Huanyu Wang ◽  
Wenbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Swab Sample ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Bacterial Superinfection

Abstract Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is endemic worldwide, causing varicella in children and zoster upon reactivation in adults. This study concerned a metagenomic analysis of a throat swab sample collected in China, on a young patient suffering from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and diagnosed with varicella. The complete genome sequence of a VZV strain of clade 2 has been generated. Clade 2 strains are the most prevalent in Asian countries. A comparison of 223 VZV genomes identified 77 clade specific markers, 20 of them specific to clade 2. The metagenomic analysis also identified sequences covering most of the genome of the bacteria Schaalia odontolytica also known as Actinomyces odontolyticus. VZV infection and bacterial infection in the context of SLE is further discussed. Even though the patient presented only mild symptoms, this study is a reminder that vaccination against VZV is critical to avoid severe complications like bacterial superinfection or even death in the case of immunodeficiency.

High Levels of Antibody to Varicella-Zoster Virus in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nagasawa ◽  
Y. Yamauchi ◽  
Y. Tada ◽  
H. Tsukamoto ◽  
T. Mayumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Varicella Zoster

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of varicella-zoster virus-specific antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: No association with subclinical viral reactivations or lupus disease activity

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Rondaan ◽  
C C van Leer ◽  
S van Assen ◽  
H Bootsma ◽  
K de Leeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Lupus Disease Activity

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at high risk of herpes zoster. Previously, we found increased immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in SLE patients compared to controls, while antibody levels against diphtheria and cellular immunity to VZV were decreased. We aimed to test our hypothesis that increased VZV-IgG levels in SLE result from subclinical VZV reactivations, caused by stress because of lupus disease activity or immunosuppressive drug use. Methods Antibody levels to VZV (IgG, IgA, IgM), total IgG and VZV-DNA were longitudinally determined in the serum of 34 SLE patients, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records. Reactivation of VZV was defined as an at least fivefold rise in VZV-IgG or presence of VZV-IgM or VZV-DNA. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to longitudinally analyse associations between antibody levels, lupus disease activity and medication use. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, anti-double-stranded DNA and complement levels were used as indicators of lupus disease activity. Results A VZV reactivation was determined in 11 patients (33%). In at least five of them, herpes zoster was clinically overt. No association between SLE disease activity or medication use and VZV-specific antibody levels was found. There was a weak association between total IgG and VZV-IgG. Conclusions Our results indicate that increased VZV-IgG levels in SLE do not result from frequent subclinical VZV reactivations, and are not associated with lupus disease activity. Increased VZV-IgG can only partially be explained by hypergammaglobulinaemia.

Progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1610-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Turno-Kręcicka ◽  
M Tomczyk-Socha ◽  
A Zimny
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Negative

Progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome (PORN) is a severe clinical variant of necrotizing herpetic chorioretinitis, which occurs almost exclusively in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, only a few cases of PORN have been reported in patients, mostly among those who were immunocompromised. To our knowledge, only one case of PORN in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been described. We report the case of a 44-year old HIV-negative patient with lupus nephritis, whom was being treated by mycophenolate mophetil (MMF), arechin and prednisone. After 14 months of MMF therapy, the patient revealed PORN symptoms; and several months later, the patient developed Type B primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). PORN is usually compared to acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome, because of having the same causative agent: varicella zoster virus (VZV). There are also some similarities in clinical findings. Our observation supports the hypothesis that PORN symptoms in HIV-negative patients can be an intermediate form between ARN and PORN, and can vary according to the patient’s immune status.

scholarly journals Humoral Immunity to Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Healthy Controls

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Marco Krasselt ◽  
Christoph Baerwald ◽  
Uwe G. Liebert ◽  
Olga Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: The prevalence of herpes zoster (HZ) is high in patients with rheumatic diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) doubles the risk for developing HZ. However, little is known about natural humoral immunity against varicella zoster virus (VZV) in patients with SLE. Hence, we compared VZV IgG antibody concentrations in a group of SLE patients with healthy controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: n = 56 patients with SLE, n = 54 patients with RA, and n = 56 healthy controls were included in this study. The VZV IgG antibody concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody concentrations were compared between the groups. Results: Overall IgG antibody titers for VZV in SLE patients were comparable to healthy controls but higher when compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.0012). In consequence, antibody levels in controls were higher than in RA patients (p = 0.0097). Stratification by age revealed highest titers among SLE patients in the fourth life decade (p = 0.03 for controls, p = 0.0008 for RA patients) whereas RA patients in their sixth decade had the lowest antibody concentration (p = 0.03 for controls, p = 0.04 for SLE patients). Regarding the individual HZ history, antibody levels of SLE patients with a positive history exceeded all other groups. Conclusions: Although humoral VZV immunity in SLE patients is comparable to healthy controls it seems to be pronounced in young SLE patients between 30 and 39. The lowest VZV IgG levels were found in RA patients. HZ seems to induce antibody production, particularly in patients with SLE. Immunological processes might contribute to VZV antibody levels in SLE patients, but further investigations are needed to substantiate this hypothesis. Even though the increased HZ prevalence seems to be independent of humoral immunity in SLE patients, reduced humoral immunity might contribute to HZ in RA patients. The available HZ subunit vaccination might be an appropriate way to reduce the HZ risk in patients with rheumatic diseases.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster Radiculopathy in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient – A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Bethasiwi Purbasari ◽  
Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Cellular Mediated Immunity ◽  
Motor Root

Background:Motor neuropathy is an extremely rare herpes complication, with a mere prevalence of 0.5–5%. The case of segmental zoster paresis of limbs, resulting from motor radiculopathy, is especially limited, with cervical and thoracic segments being the least frequent.Setting:Neurology outpatient clinic. CaseDescription:We report a case of a 16-year-old female who presented sudden-onset right upper extremity weakness, a week after her herpes zoster lesions first appeared. As she was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 4 months prior, she routinely consumed steroids and azathioprine. Initial examinations revealed multiple vesicles along right C5-C6 roots dermatome accompanied by upper right extremity weakness (manual muscle test [MMT] 3) corresponding to the myotome of C5-C6 roots. An electromyography assessment uncovered results relevant to motor root neuritis in C5-C6. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical radix with contrast showed no abnormality. Thus, she received acyclovir, gabapentin and physiotherapy.Results:A follow-up visit after 2 weeks revealed an improvement of the weakness along C5-C6 myotome (MMT 4). A month later, all motor functions were restored with hypoesthesia and hypoalgesia sensory sequelae along C5-C6 dermatome.Conclusion:Herpes zoster radiculopathy, though rare, can occur after the onset of characteristic rash. Since cellular-mediated immunity holds crucial roles in varicella zoster virus activation, SLE and immunosuppression therapy is pertinent to this rare motoric complication of herpes. The prognosis is good. Acyclovir, gabapentin and physiotherapy treatments resulted in satisfactory recovery.

Organized Intraglomerular Deposits in NZB Mouse Disease

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
Francis R. Comerford ◽  
Alan S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Antinuclear Antibodies ◽  
Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Glomerular Lesion ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Experimental Nephritis ◽  
Glomerular Lesions

Mice of the inbred NZB strain develop a spontaneous disease characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia, positive lupus erythematosus cell tests and antinuclear antibodies and nephritis. This disease is analogous to human systemic lupus erythematosus. In ultrastructural studies of the glomerular lesion in NZB mice, intraglomerular dense deposits in mesangial, subepithelial and subendothelial locations were described. In common with the findings in many examples of human and experimental nephritis, including many cases of human lupus nephritis, these deposits were amorphous or slightly granular in appearance with no definable substructure.We have recently observed structured deposits in the glomeruli of NZB mice. They were uncommon and were found in older animals with severe glomerular lesions by morphologic criteria. They were seen most commonly as extracellular elements in subendothelial and mesangial regions. The deposits ranged up to 3 microns in greatest dimension and were often adjacent to deposits of lipid-like round particles of 30 to 250 millimicrons in diameter and with amorphous dense deposits.

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