The content of the preventive measure of home detention

The criminal procedural provisions in Romania regulate a number of 5 preventive measures, of which 3 are custodial and two restrictive. Of these, the measure of house arrest, regulated as a novelty at the beginning of 2014, seems to be an intermediate form between judicial control and pre-trial detention, borrowing elements of content from both measures. Compared to the obligations that can be imposed on the defendant arrested at home, certain situations can be left uncovered by the legislator, which can make the measure seem ineffective in practice.

NON SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CARCINOID LUNGS TUMORS

Typical carcinoid lungs tumors are neuroendocrine bronchopulmonary tumors with a low-grade malignancy, and an atypical carcinoid is an intermediate form of these tumors. Their systemic treatment is greatly influenced by therapeutic evidence derived from the more frequent gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Currently, systemic therapies for lung carcinoids, aiming at controlling tumor growth include long acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy.

A New ICEclc Subfamily Integrative and Conjugative Element Responsible for Horizontal Transfer of Biphenyl and Salicylic Acid Catabolic Pathway in the PCB-Degrading Strain Pseudomonas stutzeri KF716

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are chromosomally integrated self-transmissible mobile genetic elements. Although some ICEs are known to carry genes for the degradation o-f aromatic compounds, information on their genetic features is limited. We identified a new member of the ICEclc family carrying biphenyl catabolic bph genes and salicylic acid catabolic sal genes from the PCB-degrading strain Pseudomonas stutzeri KF716. The 117-kb ICEbph-salKF716 contains common core regions exhibiting homology with those of degradative ICEclc from P. knackmussii B13 and ICEXTD from Azoarcus sp. CIB. A comparison of the gene loci collected from the public database revealed that several putative ICEs from P. putida B6-2, P, alcaliphila JAB1, P. stutzeri AN10, and P. stutzeri 2A20 had highly conserved core regions with those of ICEbph-salKF716, along with the variable region that encodes the catabolic genes for biphenyl, naphthalene, toluene, or phenol. These data indicate that this type of ICE subfamily is ubiquitously distributed within aromatic compound-degrading bacteria. ICEbph-salKF716 was transferred from P. stutzeri KF716 to P. aeruginosa PAO1 via a circular extrachromosomal intermediate form. In this study, we describe the structure and genetic features of ICEbph-salKF716 compared to other catabolic ICEs.

White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs

Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue. Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body. Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.

The Myelic Limited Dorsal Malformation: Prenatal Ultrasonographic Characteristics of an Intermediate Form of Dysraphism

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the study was to report a subtype of dysraphism designated as myelic limited dorsal malformation (MyeLDM) and to describe its characteristics at prenatal ultrasound (US). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> It was a retrospective study from 2014 to 2020 based on second-line US evaluation of patients referred to our institution for myelomeningocele (MMC). Magnetic resonance imaging and acetylcholine esterase evaluation in the amniotic fluid were also offered. Major and minor criteria for open and closed dysraphism were defined and recorded for each patient. Patients were included as MyeLDM when both criteria of closed and open dysraphism were observed in the same fetus. Correlations were obtained with the postpartum data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, some of them being very close to MMC, others very close to limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM), and others lying in between. There were 13 live-born neonates and 7 terminations of pregnancy. Correlations between prenatal and postpartum data were overall very good. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our series describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of an intermediate type of dysraphism and suggest that there is a continuum between MMC and LDM with numerous possibilities of hybrid forms (MyeLDM) sharing characteristics of both open and closed dysraphisms.

DIVERSITY AND PHENOTYPIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS OF EUROPEAN SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES) IN THE EAST OF THE RANGE

European spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is widespread in Europe. It is of interest to study its biological characteristics in the eastern part of the range, where it transforms into an intermediate form with Siberian spruce. Phenotypic traits of spruce in this area have so far been studied mainly by visual and descriptive techniques. The aim of the study is to study the variability of the main systematic characters, diversity and phenotypic structure of European spruce in the east of the range using mathematical and statistical techniques. This approach made it possible to objectively assess the parameters of its systematic characters, their relationship, and also to identify three significantly different groups of populations. It is shown that in this area the average length of spruce cones is in the range from 80-85 to 100-114 mm. The coefficient of narrowing of the upper part of the seed scales ( C ) is 25-35%, the coefficient of projection ( C ) is 60-80%, their difference ( C- C ) is -25… -55%. The value of the individual variation in the length of cones and the C index is 12-15%, C index is about 20%, and C-C is 30-35%. The intrapopulation coefficient of negative correlation of C and C indices has an average level (-0.3…-0.6). Their correlation between populations is much higher (-0.9). In the geographic variability of indicators of the shape of seed scales and the length of the cones, there is a correlation of the average level. The frequency of individuals of European spruce phenotypes in the populations of the groups P. ab, P. ab×ab×m., P. ab×m., Distinguished by the metric parameters of seed scales, is 98-100, 85-95, 57-70%, respectively. The research results can be useful for forestry and in substantiating the identified intraspecific taxa.

Structural Mechanics of the Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Transformation

SummaryAlpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M) is the critical pan-protease inhibitor of the innate immune system. When proteases cleave the A2M bait region, global structural transformation of the A2M tetramer is triggered to entrap the protease. The structural basis behind the cleavage-induced transformation and the protease entrapment remains unclear. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of native- and intermediate-forms of the Xenopus laevis egg A2M homolog (A2Moo or ovomacroglobulin) tetramer at 3.7-4.1 Å and 6.4 Å resolution, respectively. In the native A2Moo tetramer, two pairs of dimers arrange into a cross-like configuration with four 60 Å-wide bait-exposing grooves. Each bait in the native form threads into an aperture formed by three macroglobulin domains (MG2, MG3, MG6). The bait is released from the narrowed aperture in the induced protomer of the intermediate form. We propose that the intact bait region works as a “latch-lock” to block futile A2M transformation until its protease-mediated cleavage.

Reconfigurable Logic Controller—Direct FPGA Synthesis Approach

Programmable logic controllers are commonly used in automation systems. Continuously growing demands result in the growth of control program complexity. The classic approach, based on programmatic serial-cyclic execution, results in an unacceptable extension of response time. To overcome long response time massive parallel program execution is proposed. It utilize direct in hardware program implementation in field programmable devices. The paper brings a formal method of representing control programs using flow graphs and enabling single cycle computations. The developed method accepts ladder diagrams (LD) and sequential function charts (SFC), according to IEC61131-3 standard requirements. It is capable of handling logic and arithmetic computations, enabling its hardware mapping. The intermediate form is optimized using flow graph representation and BDDs for analyzing logic dependencies. The BDD representation of logic dependencies enables direct mapping to lookup tables of a selected FPGA family. All the above steps deliver high-performance and direct hardware implementation of the control program given by standard languages. The controller response time is short, predictable, and independent from logic conditions during program execution.

Spontaneous macromutants "soft wheat" or a complete homolog of Tritcum kiharae Dorof. et Migusch

For the successful development of breeding, a genetically diverse source material is necessary. The decline in genetic diversity is a global problem affecting most cultivated crops, including wheat. In this regard, the creation of a homologous soft wheat form for the second phylogenetic branch is very attractive, since it will be a valuable source material for the selection improvement of Triticum aestivum L.. AuBD. Previously derived from T. kiharae Dorof. et Migusch., AbGD under the influence of N-HMM (nitrosomethyl urea), the complete homologue showed phenomenal both phenotypic and certain genotypic similarity to soft wheat and easily crosses with the varieties of the latter. Later, the homologous form of soft wheat obtained from it under the influence of colchicine, despite its phenotypic proximity to the latter, looked like an intermediate form. Spontaneous macromutants "soft wheat" are shown, isolated, in the first case, from T. kiharae plants that have previously changed color, and, in the second, from the so-called intermediate form. The identified soft wheat macromutants were significantly superior in their production characteristics to the original T. kiharae and can also be used as a starting material to improve the characteristics of T. aestivum.