scholarly journals A self-contained and self-explanatory DNA storage system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Jiashu Wu ◽  
Junbiao Dai ◽  
Qingshan Jiang ◽  
Qiang Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Data File ◽  
Data Redundancy ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Data Restoration ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Far Future

AbstractCurrent research on DNA storage usually focuses on the improvement of storage density by developing effective encoding and decoding schemes while lacking the consideration on the uncertainty in ultra-long-term data storage and retention. Consequently, the current DNA storage systems are often not self-contained, implying that they have to resort to external tools for the restoration of the stored DNA data. This may result in high risks in data loss since the required tools might not be available due to the high uncertainty in far future. To address this issue, we propose in this paper a self-contained DNA storage system that can bring self-explanatory to its stored data without relying on any external tool. To this end, we design a specific DNA file format whereby a separate storage scheme is developed to reduce the data redundancy while an effective indexing is designed for random read operations to the stored data file. We verified through experimental data that the proposed self-contained and self-explanatory method can not only get rid of the reliance on external tools for data restoration but also minimise the data redundancy brought about when the amount of data to be stored reaches a certain scale.

scholarly journals A Self-contained and Self-explanatory DNA Storage System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Junbiao Dai ◽  
Qingshan Jiang ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Data File ◽  
Data Redundancy ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Data Restoration ◽  
Gene Data ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Term Data

Abstract Current research on DNA storage usually focuses on the improvement of storage density with reduced gene synthesis cost by developing effective encoding and decoding schemes while lacking the consideration on the uncertainty in ultra long-term data storage and retention. Consequently, the current DNA storage systems are often not self-containment, implying that they have to resort to external tools for the restoration of the stored gene data. This may result in high risks in data loss since the required tools might not be available due to the high uncertainty in far future. To address this issue, we propose in this paper a self-contained DNA storage system that can make self-explanatory to its stored data without relying on any external tools. To this end, we design a specific DNA file format whereby a separate storage scheme is developed to reduce the data redundancy while an effective indexing is designed for random read operations to the stored data file. We verified through experimental data that the proposed self-contained and self-explanatory method can not only get rid of the reliance on external tools for data restoration but also minimize the data redundancy brought about when the amount of data to be stored reaches a certain scale.

scholarly journals On Models and Capacity Bounds for DNA-based Storage Channels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihui Yan ◽  
Cong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Capacity Bounds ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Term Data

In recent years, DNA-based systems have become a promising medium for long-term data storage. There are two layers of errors in DNA-based storage systems. The first is the dropouts of the DNA strands, which has been characterized in the shuffling-sampling channel. The second is insertions, deletions, and substitutions of nucleotides in individual DNA molecules. In this paper, we describe a DNA noisy synchronization error channel to characterize the errors in individual DNA molecules. We derive non-trivial lower and upper capacity bounds of the DNA noisy synchronization error channel based on information theory. By cascading these two channels, we provide theoretical capacity limits of the DNA storage system. These results reaffirm that DNA is a reliable storage medium with high storage density potential.

scholarly journals On Models and Capacity Bounds for DNA-based Storage Channels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihui Yan ◽  
Cong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Capacity Bounds ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Term Data

In recent years, DNA-based systems have become a promising medium for long-term data storage. There are two layers of errors in DNA-based storage systems. The first is the dropouts of the DNA strands, which has been characterized in the shuffling-sampling channel. The second is insertions, deletions, and substitutions of nucleotides in individual DNA molecules. In this paper, we describe a DNA noisy synchronization error channel to characterize the errors in individual DNA molecules. We derive non-trivial lower and upper capacity bounds of the DNA noisy synchronization error channel based on information theory. By cascading these two channels, we provide theoretical capacity limits of the DNA storage system. These results reaffirm that DNA is a reliable storage medium with high storage density potential.

scholarly journals Stabilizing synthetic DNA for long-term data storage with earth alkaline salts

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (25) ◽  
pp. 3613-3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xavier Kohll ◽  
Philipp L. Antkowiak ◽  
Weida D. Chen ◽  
Bichlien H. Nguyen ◽  
Wendelin J. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Fossil Bone ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
Alkali Salts ◽  
Term Data

Mimicking fossil bone, a storage system involving earth alkali salts enables the preservation of digital data in DNA.

scholarly journals Low cost DNA data storage using photolithographic synthesis and advanced information reconstruction and error correction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp L. Antkowiak ◽  
Jory Lietard ◽  
Mohammad Zalbagi Darestani ◽  
Mark M. Somoza ◽  
Wendelin J. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Sheet Music ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Sequence Error ◽  
Dna Storage ◽  
Directed Synthesis

Abstract Due to its longevity and enormous information density, DNA is an attractive medium for archival storage. The current hamstring of DNA data storage systems—both in cost and speed—is synthesis. The key idea for breaking this bottleneck pursued in this work is to move beyond the low-error and expensive synthesis employed almost exclusively in today’s systems, towards cheaper, potentially faster, but high-error synthesis technologies. Here, we demonstrate a DNA storage system that relies on massively parallel light-directed synthesis, which is considerably cheaper than conventional solid-phase synthesis. However, this technology has a high sequence error rate when optimized for speed. We demonstrate that even in this high-error regime, reliable storage of information is possible, by developing a pipeline of algorithms for encoding and reconstruction of the information. In our experiments, we store a file containing sheet music of Mozart, and show perfect data recovery from low synthesis fidelity DNA.

Long-term data storage in DNA

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P.L Cox
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Term Data

scholarly journals Hard-Copy Imaging Options

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Leonard Polizzotto
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Microscopic Specimen ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
Term Data

Photographic film has played a central role in the recording of microscope images since the invention of photography in the 1830s. Photography rapidly creates an accurate record of the microscopic specimen and avoids the subjectivity that was inherent in written and artistic descriptions of visual observations. Both instant and conventional films offer high resolution, the ability to record a large tonal gradation, and a stable media for long-term data storage.Newer techniques, such as thermal, ink jet, and laser prints, have grown in popularity because they offer ease-of-use or lower per-image cost. Despite recent improvements, none of these techniques offer the resolution or stability of a photograph. In general, people have been forced to sacrifice quality and permanence in order to achieve the lower per-image cost and ease-of-use promised by alternative recording systems.

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