Dynamic scalp topography reveals neural signs just before performance errors

Much is written about how criminal suspects, defendants, and undercover targets use ambiguous language in their interactions with police, prosecutors, and undercover agents. This book examines the other side of the coin, describing fifteen criminal investigations demonstrating how police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants use deceptive ambiguity with their subjects, which leads to misrepresentations of the speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar. These misrepresentations affect the perceptions of judges and juries about the subjects’ motives, predispositions, intentions, and voluntariness. Deception is commonly considered intentional while ambiguity is often excused as unintentional performance errors. Although perhaps overreliance on Grice’s maxim of sincerity leads some to believe this, interactions of suspects, defendants, and targets with representatives of law are adversarial, non-cooperative events that enable participants to ignore or violate the cooperative principle. One effective way the government does this is to use ambiguity deceptively. Later listeners to the recordings of such conversations may not recognize this ambiguity and react in ways that the subjects may not have intended. Deceptive ambiguity is clearly intentional in undercover operations and the case examples illustrate that the practice also is alive and well in police interviews and prosecutorial questioning. The book concludes with a summary of how the deceptive ambiguity used by representatives of the government affected the perception of the subjects’ predisposition, intentionality and voluntariness, followed by a comparison of the relative frequency of deceptive ambiguity used by the government in its representations of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, lexicon, and grammar.

Sensory prediction errors, not performance errors, update memories in visuomotor adaptation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-34598-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kangwoo Lee ◽

Youngmin Oh ◽

Jun Izawa ◽

Nicolas Schweighofer

Keyword(s):

Visuomotor Adaptation ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Performance Errors ◽

Sensory Prediction

Trait and State Anxiety before and after Competitive Performance

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1059 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1059-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Hallgeir Halvari ◽

Torgrim Gjesme

Keyword(s):

State Anxiety ◽

Motor Task ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Performance Errors ◽

Before And After ◽

Trait And State Anxiety ◽

Direction Of Movement ◽

And Performance

33 subjects were tested on competitive trait and state anxiety immediately before and after a competitive motor task of short duration (average performance time of 25 seconds). It required precise coordination of correct muscular activity, timing as well as speed, and physical strength that included explosive shifts in direction of movement. Two types of performance measures were employed, (a) number of errors during the performance and (b) the time it took to complete the motor task. Analysis showed a positive relation between trait anxiety and performance errors when a linear model was applied; however, when a curvilinear model was used, a strong significant U-relationship between errors and precompetition state anxiety emerged. Further, a strong positive linear relation between poststate anxiety and number of performance errors was observed. The results indicate that making errors in performance situations is a critical factor in producing postcompetition state anxiety.

Scalp topography and distribution of cortical somatosensory evoked potentials to median nerve stimulation

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section ◽

10.1016/0168-5597(86)90022-5 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 429-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Sadatoshi Tsuji ◽

Yoshiyuki Murai

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Median Nerve ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽

Scalp Topography ◽

Median Nerve Stimulation

From Live Music to Electronic Offerings

The Evolution of Music through Culture and Science ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198848400.003.0010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 151-166

Author(s):

Peter Townsend

Keyword(s):

Pop Music ◽

Original Performance ◽

Sound Processing ◽

Live Music ◽

Performance Errors ◽

P Distribution ◽

The Way ◽

A Performance

Distribution of music via recordings and broadcasts has been a lively activity for well over a century. The value for music is immense, but this is a symbiotic process, where the musical demands spawned the invention of electronic amplifiers, microphones, speakers, and onward to all modern electronics. The original aim was to make a faithful recording of a performance. In reality, this is impossible because the conditions for listening are always different from the original performance. The musical data and reproduction are modified by every aspect of the electronics, and the way in which sound engineers and marketing companies handle the music. There may be advantages in that performance errors can be corrected, balance between instruments adjusted, or the pop music autotune which corrects the pitch. This chapter considers many aspects of current and future sound processing.

Scalp topography of the short-latency components of the respiratory-related evoked potential in children

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.80.5.1785 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 1785-1791 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

P. W. Davenport ◽

I. M. Colrain ◽

P. M. Hill

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Central Sulcus ◽

Normal Children ◽

Polarity Inversion ◽

Negative Peak ◽

Scalp Topography ◽

Scalp Distribution ◽

Latency Range

Respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs) have been elicited by inspiratory occlusion and recorded at electroencephalographic (EEG) sites overlying the somatosensory cortex in adults. The present study was the first to be conducted in normal children and was designed to identify the scalp distribution of the early RREP components. EEG responses to occlusion were recorded from CZ-C3, CZ-C4, and 17 sites referenced to the linked earlobes. The RREP was observed in all subjects in the CZ-C3 and CZ-C4 electrode pairs. The earlobe-referenced recordings revealed two RREP patterns. The P1 and N1 peaks were found in C3, C4, P3, P4, T3, and T4. The RREPs recorded from the F3, F4, F7, and F8 electrodes did not exhibit either the P1 or N1 peaks. A negative peak (NF) occurred approximately 13 ms after the P1 peak. The results show that the RREPs to inspiratory occlusions were present bilaterally but diminished greatly over midline sites. Furthermore, consistent with mechanically and electrically elicited somatosensory evoked potentials, the RREP displayed a polarity inversion over the central sulcus in the early component latency range.