The conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with biomolecules could create
many outstanding biofunctions for the surface-functionalized nanoparticles and extend
their biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the
surface bioengineering of AuNPs with biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, peptides,
and biopolymers, in which the details on the structure, functions, and properties of surface-
bioengineered AuNPs are discussed. In addition, the surface-biofunctionalization of
AuNPs for biomedical applications like biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and tissue
engineering are introduced. It is expected that this work will be very helpful for readers to
understand the surface functionalization and engineering techniques for various metallic
nanoparticles and design novel biomaterials for biomedical applications.