Potential of palm oil-based agro-diesel in Butembo region in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Oil dependence is one of the major global energy problems exacerbating impoverishment in developing countries and especially in rural areas. This study aims to highlight the observation of this dependence for the Butembo region and envisages measures to reduce it by developing a potentially profitable sector, a hapax opportunity for the economic development of the peasantry. It deals with the use of a non-rare energy, palm oil as an alternative to diesel. With this in mind, investigations have been conducted. They took us first to the customs institutions (DGDA) to raise the import share of diesel, then to facilities that have already experimented with palm oil as a fuel and finally to large consumers of diesel in the region (industrial, fuel pumping stations and other factories) to collect their opinions on agro- energy. From the investigations carried out, it appears that in the Butembo region the import of diesel takes a heavy price annually which overlaps 40,000,000 $US for the last three years (2015-2017). The opinions of the respondents contribute to a consensus. They believe that palm oil-based agro-energy is a necessity in the region. However, this process requires technical, environmental and socio-economic prerequisites. At the technical level, the technological package must first be fully mastered and controlled to avoid the setbacks already experienced in the region. In terms of the environment, the extension of the palm grove to support agro-energy will have to be done with all caution, avoiding the generalized deforestation of forest massifs that are shrinking at the margins of the region. Similarly, this development will have to avoid producing the opposite effect of the expected results, which would consist in blocking the rise of the peasantry by large agricultural firms that crush the small family farming that is vital for the people in the study region. Well conducted, this process of adoption of agro-energy in the Butembo region can keep its promises. It raises many hopes, only preconditions remain the big challenges

Evaluation of the surgeon’s workplace in elective procedures: a descriptive study in two Brazilian public hospitals

The surgeon is exposed to ergonomic constraints (physical and mental) that may influence on his health from aspects related to physical posture during work to psychological problems arising from the management conditions in the operating room settings. This study evaluates the working conditions during elective surgeries in two Brazilian Public Hospitals. Field observations and a questionnaire were performed. The results indicated dissatisfaction and risks regarding the discomfort/pain, Physical/Environmental, Organizational/Management, and Psychosocial factors.

Light spectrum and indolebutyric acid (IBA) in rhizogenesis in herbaceous cuttings of guava trees

Background: In the production of seedlings, success in the market is due to a quality product. Well-developed seedlings with a good root system, appear as a key factor to guarantee suitable products. Light can be used as a stimulating factor for rooting, in adequate light quality. Photoselective screens can be used to make rooting more efficient. Methods: To evaluate this factor, herbaceous cuttings of Guava Tree “Paluma” were used, exposed to different wavelengths in mini-greenhouses covered with cellophane of the colors: green, yellow, red, blue, transparent and orange, and subjected to five treatments with Indolebutyric Acid (IBA) (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg.kg-1), grown in a 3: 2: 1 substrate (sand: earth: bioplant®), in a randomized block design, with a 6x5 factorial and four replications with 10 cuttings in each treatment. Ninety days after staking, the following variables were evaluated: cuttings survival, number of leaves; number of sprouts; largest sprout length; root length; root volume; green mass of leaves and root; dry mass of sprout and root. Results: The orange and red light spectra were superior in rooting the guava cuttings, and may be an option in covering the seedling production nurseries of this fruit tree. Conclusion: The use of IBA neutralized the luminous influence of the light spectra with non-significant results for the interaction.

Identification of a gene that makes a protein by using a cell free protein synthesis system

A living cell could be genetically modified to perform a function such as the production of a protein. However, these genetic modifications often conflict with normal cellular function and result in a mutation. Defects can be overcome through removing the bacterial membrane which leaves the lysate that is performing both transcription and translation. The cell free-protein synthesis is also known as in vitro protein synthesis and is the production of a protein without using a living cell. The gene is acting as instructions to make the protein. If we can isolate a gene and then apply a cell free protein synthesis system after synthesis the protein and run on gel-electrophoresis we can identify a gene on the basis of the protein. Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to ______ contrasting proteins according to molecular size and charge.

Immunization-campaign reaction of Saudi Arabia citizens and residents during first six months of Coronavirus vaccine existence

The COVID 19 vaccine provide acquired personal immunity against Coronavirus, its effectiveness is the risk of vaccinated participants compared with unvaccinated, reduces Coronavirus infections, efficacy preventing Coronavirus infections 95%. The aim was to prove Coronavirus vaccine effectiveness during the first period six months, that was approved from WHO for KSA, as well immunization-campaign was started at 17/12/2020. So to clarify the extent of its impact on protecting the societal immunity of KSA society. The "Study Proficiency" as used on all persons in KSA, the “Intentional Physical" was prepared the questionnaires. All participants were 100% citizens and residents of KSA was showed the importance of the research topic in the KSA societal immunity. About 96% was agreed that the Coronavirus vaccine exists in KSA, 94% was explained the extent feel protected from Coronavirus infections as a result of taking the Coronavirus vaccine. About half, 46% had received the Coronavirus vaccine, 94% was explained the importance of the Coronavirus vaccine for societal immunity protection and reducing Coronavirus infections in the KSA society. While 92% was urged those who refuse the Coronavirus vaccine to take it, 85% was found an improvement in the KSA societal immunity status of society. About 92% was helped to follow the societal immunity regulations of the Coronavirus vaccine. Showed 96% was confirmed the continuation of societal immunity precautions during the Coronavirus vaccine in the immunization-campaign for vaccination period. That of 84% was affirmed Coronavirus system should be pursued in other countries in order to reduce Coronavirus infections. That found 52% was advising to follow “Precautionary Health Strategy”, 26% was recommended the Coronavirus vaccine must taken to protect the individual and the KSA society, and 14% was protection by medication or therapeutic supplements such as vitamins. It was concluded that the Coronavirus vaccine had a clear effect on protecting the individuals health and societal immunity in the KSA society during first six months of Coronavirus vaccine existence. Despite the presence of a very small number of individuals rejecting the Coronavirus vaccine. It was recommend that the Coronavirus vaccine in the KSA had demonstrated its effectiveness, and therefore citizens and residents must take the Coronavirus vaccine to preserve the KSA individuals society health and societal immunity

Effect of Azospirillum brasilense and mycorrhizal soil fungi on topinambur grown in a greenhouse

To determine the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and soil mycorrhizal fungi on the nutrition of the Jerusalem artichoke crop (Helianthus tuberosus L.), evaluations of agronomic parameters and the health status of the plants were carried out, under greenhouse conditions. The tests were carried out, at the moment of the implantation of the culture: the tubers were inoculated with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi, generating four treatments including the control and the co-inoculation of the consortium of the microorganisms under study (T0: control or control without inoculation; T1: inoculation with native A. brasilense; T2: inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi and T3: joint inoculation with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi. The results indicate that co-inoculation with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi increased plant growth in height, leaf area, biomass, dry matter, and yields significantly in greenhouse production. It was determined that the application of the selected microorganisms has a plant growth-promoting effect, increasing the productivity of cultivated topinambur in the greenhouse

Impact of default rate of antiretroviral use on viral load among HIV/AIDS patients in Tamale and Sunyani

Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is the gold standard for the management of HIV patients. Purportedly, patients who are not on HAART or defaulted from its use have adverse effects compared to those who adhere to the intake of HAART. Compliant individuals have improved quality of life and show healthy hematological parameters and HIV load as compared to HAART naïve individuals and defaulters. Supplementary and supportive treatment is crucial in HIV/AIDS patients on patients on antiretroviral therapy? Objective: This study was conducted to assess the consistency and default of HAART intake and other supportive treatments and its relationship with viral load on hematological parameters in two different geographical sites. Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from Navrongo Health Research Centre. Questionnaires were administered to participants for their consent, demographic data, consistency of taking antiretrovirals, and types of antiretrovirals used. Full blood count and HIV load tests were carried out using Urit 5250 and Cobas Taqman / Cobas ampliprep fully automated analysers respectively. Results: Defaulters had a significant (p value=0.003) rise in their viral load (845334.38±409285.62) copies/mL in comparison to adherents in HAART intake 49571.69±30548.89) copies/mL. The hemoglobin level (10.51±0.60 g/dL) of defaulters was significantly (p-value = 0.007) lower than that of adherent (12.04±0.17 g/dL). The default rates in the two study sites were close (9.8% in Sunyani and 9.4% in Tamale). Conclusion: Antiretroviral default does not only lead to an increase in HIV load but also causes a reduction in hemoglobin levels. Hematinics supplementation therapy may help normalize hematological parameters in HIV infection