scholarly journals Formation and rupture of Ca2+ induced pectin biopolymer gels

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 7225-7233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Basak ◽  
Ranjini Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Strong Link ◽  
Biopolymer Gels ◽  
Added Salt

Flocs of pectin biomacromolecules, whose sizes and size polydispersities increase with added salt, aggregate to form a gel that lies in the strong link regime.

Strong Link Seen Between Depression, Inflammation

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
DAMIAN MCNAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Strong Link

Surfactant Impurities Can Explain the Jones-Ray Effect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Duignan ◽  
Marcel Baer ◽  
Christopher Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Fundamental Property ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Added Salt ◽  
Effect Of Surface

<div> <p> </p><div> <div> <div> <p>The surface tension of dilute salt water is a fundamental property that is crucial to understanding the complexity of many aqueous phase processes. Small ions are known to be repelled from the air-water surface leading to an increase in the surface tension in accordance with the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. The Jones-Ray effect refers to the observation that at extremely low salt concentration the surface tension decreases in apparent contradiction with thermodynamics. Determining the mechanism that is responsible for this Jones-Ray effect is important for theoretically predicting the distribution of ions near surfaces. Here we show that this surface tension decrease can be explained by surfactant impurities in water that create a substantial negative electrostatic potential at the air-water interface. This potential strongly attracts positive cations in water to the interface lowering the surface tension and thus explaining the signature of the Jones-Ray effect. At higher salt concentrations, this electrostatic potential is screened by the added salt reducing the magnitude of this effect. The effect of surface curvature on this behavior is also examined and the implications for unexplained bubble phenomena is discussed. This work suggests that the purity standards for water may be inadequate and that the interactions between ions with background impurities are important to incorporate into our understanding of the driving forces that give rise to the speciation of ions at interfaces. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div>

Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirianne Dahlum ◽  
Tore Wig
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Strong Link ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Global Data

Abstract We investigate whether female political empowerment is conducive to civil peace, drawing on global data on female political empowerment over a 200-year period, from the Varieties of Democracy database. We augment previous research by expanding the temporal scope, looking at a novel inventory of female political empowerment measures, attending to reverse-causality and omitted variable issues, and separating between relevant causal mechanisms. We find a strong link between female political empowerment and civil peace, which is particularly pronounced in the twentieth century. We find evidence that this relationship is driven both by women’s political participation—particularly the bottom-up political participation of women, e.g., in civil society—and the culture that conduces it. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is a robust link between female political empowerment and civil peace, stemming from both institutional and cultural mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Added Salt on Disordered Poly(ethylene oxide)-Block-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymer Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1414-1424
Author(s):  
Neel J. Shah ◽  
Sajjad Dadashi-Silab ◽  
Michael D. Galluzzo ◽  
Saheli Chakraborty ◽  
Whitney S. Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer ◽  
Added Salt

Determination of Added Salt in Finely Ground Feeds

1943 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-399
Author(s):  
Ludvig Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Added Salt

scholarly journals Aspartate aminotransferase. The effects of ionic concentration on kinetic constants of both isoenzymes

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. C. Boyde
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Kinetic Constants ◽  
Sharp Minimum ◽  
Ionic Concentrations ◽  
Michaelis Constants ◽  
Added Salt

1. The Michaelis constants for both isoenzymes for both substrates depend strongly on ionic concentration, being approximately proportional to phosphate concentration over considerable ranges. This is probably an effect of anions only. 2. In the absence of added salt, Km (2-oxoglutarate) (anionic isoenzyme) is so small as to be indeterminate. 3. Km (l-aspartate) (anionic isoenzyme) passes through a sharp minimum at about 3·3mm-phosphate. It is not clear whether this is a specific effect of phosphate. 4. Both substrates are inhibitory at sufficiently low ionic concentrations. 5. A modified graphical procedure is described for the derivation of the kinetic constants.

Effective forces between macroions: The cases of asymmetric macroions and added salt

1998 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 5818-5824 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Allahyarov ◽  
H. Löwen ◽  
S. Trigger
Keyword(s):  
Added Salt
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