LOGO: an efficient local and global data collection mechanism for remote underwater monitoring

The oceans play an important role in our daily life and they form the lungs of our planet. Subsequently, the world ocean provides so many benefits for humans and the planet including oxygen production, climate regulation, transportation, recreation, food, medicine, economic, etc. However, the oceans suffer nowadays from several challenges ranging from pollution to climate change and destruction of underwater habitat. Hence, the use of remote sensing technologies, like sensor networks and IoT, is becoming essential in order to continuously monitor the wide underwater areas and oceans. Unfortunately, the limited battery power constitutes one of the major challenges and limitations of such technologies. In this paper, we propose an efficient LOcal and GlObal data collection mechanism, called LOGO, that aims to conserve the energy in remote sensing applications. LOGO is based on the cluster scheme and works on two network stages: local and global. The local stage is at the sensor node and aims to reduce its data transmission by eliminating on-period and in-period data redundancies. The global stage is at the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) level and aims to minimize the data redundancy among neighboring nodes based on a spatial-temporal node correlation and Kempe’s graph techniques. The simulation results on real underwater data confirm that LOGO mechanism is less energy consumption with high data accuracy than the existing techniques.

New software package for archival of synoptic And upper air meteorological data

The functions of a software package of 6 programmes developed for retrieving, decoding quality control and formatting of surface and upper air coded data have been presented here in brief. Intelligent use has been made of Fortran- 77 fact1ltles to make these programmes extremely efficient. Global data for surface and upper air received on GTS for an entire day is sorted, decoded & formatted after quality control in about three and a half minutes (CPU time) on VAX 8810 system. The programmes do the management of files and can also be used for decoding the monthly data files of hard copy data. For coding of data, FGGE code has been used with very minor modifications. The results of quality control checks and number of reports received hour wise for each synoptic hour for each WMO block are monitored. Information from both is displayed on the terminal in tabular form and also recorded in disk for monthly archival.

Strengthening local volcano observatories through global collaborations

We consider the future of volcano observatories in a world where new satellite technologies and global data initiatives have greatly expanded over the last two decades. Observatories remain the critical tie between the decision-making authorities and monitoring data. In the coming decade, the global scientific community needs to continue to collaborate in a manner that will strengthen volcano observatories while building those databases and scientific models that allow us to improve forecasts of eruptions and mitigate their impacts. Observatories in turn need to contribute data to allow these international collaborations to prosper.

Für Wetter und Klima – Maritim-Meteorologische Observationen beim DWD

<p>Die Erfassung und Überwachung des Wetters und des Klimas auf den Weltmeeren hat eine lange Tradition beim Deutschen Wetterdienst (DWD) und seinen Vorgängerorganisationen in Hamburg. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert werden auf Schiffen systematisch meteorologische und ozeanographische Informationen gesammelt, die ein detailliertes Verständnis des maritimen Wetters und des Klimas ermöglichen. Bis heute sind die meteorologischen Schiffsbeobachtungen eine wichtige Datenquelle für die Wettervorhersage und die Klimaüberwachung.</p> <p>Der Deutsche Wetterdienst betreibt ein großes meteorologisches maritimes Messnetz, welches mehr als 500 Schiffe umfasst, die regelmäßig Wetterbeobachtungen auf allen Weltmeeren durchführen. Diese Schiffe beteiligen sich am internationalen <em>Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme</em> und ihre Beobachtungen werden in Echtzeit über das globale Telekommunikationssystem (GTS) der WMO verbreitet. Dabei wird eine zunehmende Anzahl von Beobachtungen von automatischen Wetterstationen an Bord von Schiffen geliefert.</p> <p>Neben der Nutzung für die operationelle Wettervorhersage sind die maritim-meteorologischen Observationen ein wichtiger Beitrag zu klimatologischen Archiven wie der In-situ Datenbank des maritimen Klimadatenzentrums des DWD. Diese Datenbank besteht aus qualitätskontrollierten Daten aus Echtzeit- und <em>delayed mode</em> Datenströmen, sowie aus einer großen Menge historischer Daten. Der Datenbestand wächst kontinuierlich durch aktuelle operationelle Dateneingänge, aber auch durch die Digitalisierung alter meteorologischer Schiffsjournale und reicht von heute bis weit zurück in das 19 Jahrhundert. Im Rahmen des internationalen Datenaustauschs über die WMO / IOC <em>VOS Global Data Assembly Centres</em> (GDACs) werden die maritimen Klimadaten regelmäßig in den <em>International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set</em> (ICOADS) integriert. Des Weiteren werden die Daten für eine Vielzahl von Klimaanwendungen verwendet, z.B. als Input für Reanalysen, für die operationelle Klimaüberwachung, klimatologische Analysen und Datenprodukte, sowie für die Kalibrierung von Satellitenbeobachtungen.</p>

The Application of Big Data in Modern National Economy and Politics

Big data is a new stage of informatization development. With the convergence and integration of information technology and human production and life, the rapid spread of the Internet, global data showing explosive growth and massive agglomeration, have had a significant impact on economic development, social governance, national management, and people’s lives.Countries around the world regard the promotion of economic digitization as an important driving force for innovation and development, and have made forward-looking layouts in cuttingedge technology research and development, data open sharing, privacy and security protection, and talent training.In-depth understanding of the current situation and trends of big data development, and its impact on economic and social development, analyze the achievements and existing problems of my country’s big data development, summarize and discuss the government’s response strategies, and promote the innovation of government management and social governance models, and realize government decision-making Identification, precise social governance, and efficient public services all have important meanings.

Evolution of Ocean Color Atmospheric Correction: 1970–2005

Retrieval of water properties from satellite-borne imagers viewing oceans and coastal areas in the visible region of the spectrum requires removing the effect of the atmosphere, which contributes approximately 80–90% of the measured radiance over the open ocean in the blue spectral region. The Gordon and Wang algorithm originally developed for SeaWiFS (and used with other NASA sensors, e.g., MODIS) forms the basis for many atmospheric removal (correction) procedures. It was developed for application to imagery obtained over the open ocean (Case 1 waters), where the aerosol is usually non-absorbing, and is used operationally to process global data from SeaWiFS, MODIS and VIIRS. Here, I trace the evolution of this algorithm from early NASA aircraft experiments through the CZCS, OCTS, SeaWiFs, MERIS, and finally the MODIS sensors. Strategies to extend the algorithm to situations where the aerosol is strongly absorbing are examined. Its application to sensors with additional and unique capabilities is sketched. Problems associated with atmospheric correction in coastal waters are described.

A Global Call to Action for Gender-Inclusive Data Collection and Use

The global data community has made—and is continuing to make—enormous strides toward collecting, analyzing, and using sex-disaggregated data to improve international development programs. Historically, however, sex-disaggregation has been—and largely continues to be—a binary representation of cisgender female and cisgender male populations. This binary interpretation excludes transgender and gender-nonconforming people and further perpetuates marginalization and discrimination of these populations. In a world where disparities are increasing, it is paramount to highlight and share the experiences of marginalized populations so we are better able to serve all beneficiary needs and end disparities. To this end, we call for a paradigm shift from binary sex-disaggregation to multinomial gender-disaggregation, which is more inclusive and equitable. This call to action is aimed particularly at surveyors, researchers, program implementors, policy makers, and gender rights advocates in both resource-sufficient and resource-constrained settings. The lack of adequate gender-disaggregated data is a universal problem.