Do primary carriers of both positive charge and unpaired electron spin exist in irradiated propylene carbonate?

Magnetic field sensitive fluorescence from irradiated propylene carbonate solutions indicates the existence of previously unobserved radical cations formed from the solvent molecules.

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Speciation in Solutions of Lithium Salts in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Propylene Carbonate, and Dimethyl Carbonate from Raman Data: A Minireview

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2016/6978560 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. I. Gorobets ◽

M. B. Ataev ◽

M. M. Gafurov ◽

S. A. Kirillov

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Propylene Carbonate ◽

Dimethyl Carbonate ◽

Weak Interactions ◽

Lithium Salts ◽

Strong Interactions ◽

Carbonate Solutions ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Anions And Cations ◽

Solvent Molecules

Our recent Raman studies of cation and anion solvation and ion pairing in solutions of lithium salts in dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate are briefly overviewed. Special attention is paid to differences in our and existing data and concepts. As follows from our results, cation solvation numbers in solutions are low (~2) and disagree with previous measurements. This discrepancy is shown to arise from correct accounting for dimerization, hydrogen bonding, and conformation equilibria in the solvents disregarded in early studies. Another disputable question touches upon the absence of free ions in solutions of lithium salts in carbonate solvents and the statement that the charge transfer in carbonate solutions is caused by SSIPs. Direct proofs of the nature of charge carriers in the solvents studied have been obtained by means of analyses of vibrational dynamics. It has been found that collision times for free anions are short and evidence weak interactions between anions and solvent molecules. In SSIPs, collision times are an order of magnitude longer thus signifying strong interactions between anions and cations. In CIPs, collision times become shorter than in SSIPs reflecting the transformation of the structure of concentrated solutions to that of molten salts.

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Utilization of electrical charges in the pores of tofu waste for hydrogen production in water

WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy ◽

10.32438/wpe.1720 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 124-135

Author(s):

I. N. G. Wardana ◽

N. Willy Satrio

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Hydrogen Production ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Positive Charge ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Hydrogen Sensor ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Partial Charge ◽

Delocalized Electron ◽

Water Hydrogen

Tofu is main food in Indonesia and its waste generally pollutes the waters. This study aims to change the waste into energy by utilizing the electric charge in the pores of tofu waste to produce hydrogen in water. The tofu pore is negatively charged and the surface surrounding the pore has a positive charge. The positive and negative electric charges stretch water molecules that have a partial charge. With the addition of a 12V electrical energy during electrolysis, water breaks down into hydrogen. The test was conducted on pre-treated tofu waste suspension using oxalic acid. The hydrogen concentration was measured by a MQ-8 hydrogen sensor. The result shows that the addition of turmeric together with sodium bicarbonate to tofu waste in water, hydrogen production increased more than four times. This is due to the fact that magnetic field generated by delocalized electron in aromatic ring in turmeric energizes all electrons in the pores of tofu waste, in the sodium bicarbonate, and in water that boosts hydrogen production. At the same time the stronger partial charge in natrium bicarbonate shields the hydrogen proton from strong attraction of tofu pores. These two combined effect are very powerful for larger hydrogen production in water by tofu waste.

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