scholarly journals Film morphology evolution during solvent vapor annealing of highly efficient small molecule donor/acceptor blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. 15511-15521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Engmann ◽  
Hyun Wook Ro ◽  
Andrew Herzing ◽  
Chad R. Snyder ◽  
Lee J. Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

In-situ X-ray scattering studies of solvent vapor annealing of the active layer in benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodanine (BTR) solar cells reveals the mechanisms for morphology transformation and device improvement.

An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Study of Block Copolymer Thin Films During Solvent Vapor Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Gu ◽  
Ilja Gunkel ◽  
Alexander Hexemer ◽  
Weiyin Gu ◽  
Thomas P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

scholarly journals Improving the efficiencies of small molecule solar cells by solvent vapor annealing to enhance J-aggregation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. 9618-9624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangang Xiao ◽  
Zhengdong Li ◽  
Qin Hu ◽  
Yawei Liu ◽  
Wenkai Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

The enhanced J-aggregation increases the crystallinity of the small molecules and forms a favorable film morphology with a fiber-like structure.

Crystal-structure of active layers of small molecule organic photovoltaics before and after solvent vapor annealing

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Marvin Berlinghof ◽  
Stefan Langner ◽  
Christina Harreiß ◽  
Ella Mara Schmidt ◽  
Rita Siris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapors

AbstractIt is demonstrated by a detailed structural analysis that the crystallinity and the efficiency of small molecule based organic photovoltaics can be tuned by solvent vapor annealing (SVA). Blends made of the small molecule donor 2,2′-[(3,3′″,3″″,4′-tetraoctyl[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′″:5′″,2″″-quinquethiophene]-5,5″″-diyl)bis[(Z)-methylidyne(3-ethyl-4-oxo-5,2-thiazolidinediylidene)]]bis-propanedinitrile (DRCN5T) and the acceptor [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were annealed using solvent vapors with either a high solubility for the donor (tetrahydrofuran), the acceptor (carbon disulfide) or both (chloroform). The samples were analyzed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), electron diffraction, X-ray pole figures, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). A phase separation of DRCN5T and PC71BM is induced by SVA leading to a crystallization of DRCN5T and the formation of a DRCN5T enriched layer. The DRCN5T crystallites possess the two dimensional oblique crystal system with the lattice parameters a = 19.2 Å, c = 27.1 Å, and β = 111.1° for the chloroform case. No major differences in the crystal structure for the other solvent vapors were observed. However, the solvent choice strongly influences the size of the DRCN5T enriched layer. Missing periodicity in the [010]-direction leads to the extinction of all Bragg reflections with k ≠ 0. The annealed samples are randomly orientated with respect to the normal of the substrate (fiber texture).

Time-Dependent Morphology Evolution of Solution-Processed Small Molecule Solar Cells during Solvent Vapor Annealing

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1502579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Min ◽  
Xuechen Jiao ◽  
Ibrahim Ata ◽  
Andres Osvet ◽  
Tayebeh Ameri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Gaining further insight into the effects of thermal annealing and solvent vapor annealing on time morphological development and degradation in small molecule solar cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (34) ◽  
pp. 18101-18110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Min ◽  
Nusret S. Güldal ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Chao Fang ◽  
Xuechen Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing ◽  
Insight Into

Morphology evolution mechanisms of thermal and solvent vapor annealing in small-molecule solar cells have been investigated systematically.

scholarly journals In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin-Cast Small-Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 1800611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Manley ◽  
Joseph Strzalka ◽  
Thomas J. Fauvell ◽  
Tobin J. Marks ◽  
Lin X. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Morphology Evolution ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Photovoltaic Materials

Side chain engineering in DTBDT-based small molecules for efficient organic photovoltaics

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 13845-13852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisu Hong ◽  
Ji Young Choi ◽  
Kyunghun Kim ◽  
Nam-Suk Lee ◽  
Jiqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

A new small-molecule donor with a DTBDT core exhibits apposite blend morphologies and a maximum PCE of 9.18% by side chain engineering and solvent vapor annealing.

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