Surface Forces and Stratification in Foam Films Formed with Bile Salts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subinuer Yilixiati ◽  
Camila Alexandra Uribe Ortiz ◽  
Vivek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Foam Films ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Bile salts, especially in their aggregated or micellar form, play a critical role in health and medicine by solubilizing cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and drugs. However, in contrast to the head-tail...

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome and Role of Cholesterol in Autism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Sarphare ◽  
Ryan Lee ◽  
Elaine Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Embryonic And Fetal Development ◽  
Opitz Syndrome ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Cholesterol is manufactured throughout the body, but predominantly in the liver, and is essential for many metabolic processes. Cholesterol plays a critical role in forming membranes and myelin sheaths and is a precursor molecule for the synthesis of steroid hormones, neuroactive steroids, oxysterols, and vitamin D. It is also essential in the production of bile acids, which in turn helps the body absorb cholesterol and fat-soluble vitamins. Cholesterol is essential in embryonic and fetal development and is also critical in regulating lipid raft processes such as signaling and trafficking (Korade & Kenworthy, 2008). Cholesterol biosynthesis begins with the formation of squalene and ends with the reduction of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) into cholesterol by the enzyme 7DHC reductase, and then its spontaneous isomer, 8-dehydrocholesterol (8DHC). Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS, Mendelian Inheritance in Man #270400) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis (Elias et al., 1993; Irons, Elias, Salen, Tint, & Batta, 1993; Tint et al., 1994). Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome has an estimated incidence among individuals of European ancestry in Canada and the United States of 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 60,000 births (Bzdúch, Behulova, & Skodova, 2000; Lowry & Yong, 1980; Opitz, 1999; Ryan, Bartlett, Clayton, Eaton, Mills, Donnai, & Burn, 1998) and a carrier frequency of 1 in 30 to 1 in 50 (Nowaczyk & Waye, 2001).

Optical control of surface forces and instabilities in foam films using photosurfactants

Soft Matter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mamane ◽  
Eloise Chevallier ◽  
Ludovic Olanier ◽  
François Lequeux ◽  
Cécile Monteux
Keyword(s):  
Surface Forces ◽  
Optical Control ◽  
Foam Films

SURFACE FORCES IN FOAM FILMS FROM AN ABA TRIBLOCK COPOLYME

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sedev ◽  
R. Ivanova ◽  
T. Kolarov ◽  
D. Exerowa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Forces ◽  
Foam Films

Surface forces in foam films from ABA block copolymer: a dynamic method study

1995 ◽  
Vol 273 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sedev ◽  
T. Kolarov ◽  
D. Exerowa
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Foam Films

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profile during Deoxycholate-Induced Sporulation in a Clostridium perfringens Isolate Causing Foodborne Illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2929-2942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayo Yasugi ◽  
Daisuke Okuzaki ◽  
Ritsuko Kuwana ◽  
Hiromu Takamatsu ◽  
Masaya Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Type A ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Intestinal

ABSTRACTClostridium perfringenstype A is a common source of foodborne illness (FBI) in humans. Vegetative cells sporulate in the small intestinal tract and produce the major pathogenic factorC. perfringensenterotoxin. Although sporulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of FBI, the mechanisms inducing sporulation remain unclear. Bile salts were shown previously to induce sporulation, and we confirmed deoxycholate (DCA)-induced sporulation inC. perfringensstrain NCTC8239 cocultured with human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. In the present study, we performed transcriptome analyses of strain NCTC8239 in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying DCA-induced sporulation. Of the 2,761 genes analyzed, 333 were up- or downregulated during DCA-induced sporulation and included genes for cell division, nutrient metabolism, signal transduction, and defense mechanisms. In contrast, the virulence-associated transcriptional regulators (the VirR/VirS system, theagrsystem,codY, andabrB) were not activated by DCA. DCA markedly increased the expression of signaling molecules controlled by Spo0A, the master regulator of the sporulation process, whereas the expression ofspo0Aitself was not altered in the presence or absence of DCA. The phosphorylation of Spo0A was enhanced in the presence of DCA. Collectively, these results demonstrated that DCA induced sporulation, at least partially, by facilitating the phosphorylation of Spo0A and activating Spo0A-regulated genes in strain NCTC8239 while altering the expression of various genes.IMPORTANCEDisease caused byClostridium perfringenstype A consistently ranks among the most common bacterial foodborne illnesses in humans in developed countries. The sporulation ofC. perfringensin the small intestinal tract is a key event for its pathogenesis, but the factors and underlying mechanisms by whichC. perfringenssporulatesin vivocurrently remain unclear. Bile salts, major components of bile, which is secreted from the liver for the emulsification of lipids, were shown to induce sporulation. However, the mechanisms underlying bile salt-induced sporulation have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we demonstrate that deoxycholate (one of the bile salts) induces sporulation by facilitating the phosphorylation of Spo0A and activating Spo0A-regulated genes using a transcriptome analysis. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sporulation, particularly that of bile salt-induced sporulation, inC. perfringens.

Bile Acid Derivatives: From Old Molecules to a New Potent Therapeutic Use: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 3613-3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Blanchet ◽  
Jean Michel Brunel
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Bile Acid Derivatives ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Bile acids or bile salts, belong to a large family of biological steroid derivatives found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. These amphipathic molecules possess numerous functions, including eliminating cholesterol from the body, driving the flow of bile to eliminate catabolites, emulsifying fat-soluble vitamins to enable their absorption, aiding in motility and in reducing the bacteria flora found in the small intestine and biliary tract. In this review, we investigate progress towards synthetic bile acid derivatives, with special emphasis on how they might be used for various biological applications and the challenges that remain in developing these compounds as potent drugs of the future especially in the field of microbiology (antimicrobial activities) and cancer (anticancer agents). We will emphasize the fact that even few researches are devoted around these peculiar structures. All the researches pointed out the important potential of such derivatives for the design of new classes of drugs.

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