In vivo acute toxicity and mutagenic analysis of crude saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd husks

Background: Protease inhibitors have been isolated from plants and present several biological activities, including immunomod-ulatory action. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate a Moringa oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) for acute toxicity in mice, hemolytic activity on mice erythrocytes and immunomodulatory effects on mice splenocytes. Methods: The acute toxicity was evaluated using Swiss female mice that received a single dose of the vehicle control or MoFTI (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Behavioral alterations were observed 15–240 min after administration, and survival, weight gain, and water and food consumption were analyzed daily. Organ weights and hematological parameters were analyzed after 14 days. Hemolytic activity of MoFTI was tested using Swiss female mice erythrocytes. Splenocytes obtained from BALB/c mice were cultured in the absence or presence of MoFTI for the evaluation of cell viability and proliferation. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also determined. Furthermore, the culture supernatants were analyzed for the presence of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Results: MoFTI did not cause death or any adverse effects on the mice except for abdominal contortions at 15–30 min after administration. MoFTI did not exhibit a significant hemolytic effect. In addition, MoFTI did not induce apoptosis or necrosis in splenocytes and had no effect on cell proliferation. Increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS release, as well as ΔΨm reduction, were observed in MoFTI-treated cells. MoFTI was observed to induce TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and NO release. Conclusion: These results contribute to the ongoing evaluation of the antitumor potential of MoFTI and its effects on other immunological targets.

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Chemosensitizing Activity of Histone Deacetylases Inhibitory Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids for Combination Chemotherapy of Lymphatic Leukemia

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009617666170623104030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 365-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denis V. Mishchenko ◽

Margarita E. Neganova ◽

Elena N. Klimanova ◽

Tatyana E. Sashenkova ◽

Sergey G. Klochkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Histone Deacetylases ◽

Hydroxamic Acids ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Male Rat ◽

Hybrid Male ◽

Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids

Background: Anti-tumor effect of hydroxamic acid derivatives is largely connected with its properties as efficient inhibitors of histone deacetylases, and other metalloenzymes involved in carcinogenesis. Objective: The work was aimed to (i) determine the anti-tumor and chemosensitizing activity of the novel racemic spirocyclic hydroxamic acids using experimental drug sensitive leukemia P388 of mice, and (ii) determine the structure-activity relationships as metal chelating and HDAC inhibitory agents. Method: Outbreed male rat of 200-220 g weights were used in biochemical experiments. In vivo experiments were performed using the BDF1 hybrid male mice of 22-24 g weight. Lipid peroxidation, Fe (II) -chelating activity, HDAC fluorescent activity, anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity, acute toxicity techniques were used in this study. Results: Chemosensitizing properties of water soluble cyclic hydroxamic acids (CHA) are evaluated using in vitro activities and in vivo methods and found significant results. These compounds possess iron (II) chelating properties, and slightly inhibit lipid peroxidation. CHA prepared from triacetonamine (1a-e) are more effective Fe (II) ions cheaters, as compared to CHA prepared from 1- methylpiperidone (2a-e). The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, lipophilicity and acute toxicity were influenced by the length amino acids (size) (Glycine < Alanine < Valine < Leucine < Phenylalanine). All compounds bearing spiro-N-methylpiperidine ring (2a-e) are non-toxic up to 1250 mg/kg dose, while compounds bearing spiro-tetramethylpiperidine ring (1a-e) exhibit moderate toxicity which increases with increasing lipophility, but not excite at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: It was shown that the use of combination of non-toxic doses of cisplatin (cPt) or cyclophosphamide with CHA in most cases result in the appearance of a considerable anti-tumor effect of cytostatics. The highest chemosensitizing activity with respect to leukemia Р388 is demonstrated by the CHA derivatives of Valine 1c or 2c.

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In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190416155757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 ◽

Author(s):

Tejas Patel ◽

B.N. Suhagia

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Toxicity Study ◽

Withania Coagulans ◽

Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

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Acute toxicity of C60–Cis-Pt nanocomplex in vivo

Applied Nanoscience ◽

10.1007/s13204-021-01680-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oksana Lynchak ◽

Iryna Byelinska ◽

Natalya Dziubenko ◽

Halyna Kuznietsova ◽

Olga Abramchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity

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Relevance of nitrogen availability on the phytochemical properties of Chenopodium quinoa cultivated in marine hydroponics as a functional food

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110524 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 291 ◽

pp. 110524

Author(s):

Mariana Murteira ◽

Ariel E. Turcios ◽

Ricardo Calado ◽

Ana I. Lillebø ◽

Jutta Papenbrock

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa

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Evaluation of a water extract of So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang for acute toxicity and genotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo tests

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-015-0737-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mee-Young Lee ◽

Chang-Sebo Seo ◽

Ji-Young Kim ◽

Hyeun-Kyoo Shin

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Water Extract ◽

In Vivo Tests

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In vivo antiplasmodial properties of fractions and flavonoids of Pseudarthria hooheri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae)

10.53365/nrfhh/145411 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Tchamgoue ◽

Amelework N. Eyado ◽

Boniface P. Kamdem Kamdem ◽

Yvan Anderson T. Ngandjui Ngandjui ◽

Jean Claude Tchouankeu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Malaria Treatment ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Treatment Situation ◽

Healthy Female ◽

Etoac Fraction ◽

Albino Mice ◽

Main Components

Malaria is regarded as one of the most lethal diseases. Resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives jeopardises effective malaria treatment. Finding novel antimalarial chemicals is critical given the existing treatment situation. This work aimed to examine the antiplasmodial capabilities of Pseudarthria hookeri fractions and flavonoids in vivo. The fractions and compounds antiplasmodial activity were evaluated on male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, and on healthy female Swiss albino mice, the crude extract's acute toxicity was assessed. The EtOAc fraction had significant antiplasmodial activity (32.53 percent suppression at 500 mg/kg BW) and considerably prolonged the survival period of infected mice (9.8 days) compared to control mice (7.8 days). Parasitaemia was dramatically reduced (85.01, 59.41, and 70.39 percent), and the mean survival time extended (11.33, 10.00, and 9.33 days) with 15, 20 and 35 mg/kg of quercetin (1), 7-O-benzyl-6-prenylpinocembrin (6) and 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (11) (isolates of the EtOAc fraction), respectively. BW loss and PCV reduction were also averted. Moreover, at 2500 mg/kg, the crude extract of P. hookeri showed no acute toxicity in mice. LC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction enabled the identification of nine flavonoids, with 8 and 11 being the main components. The present investigation confirmed P. hookeri's antiplasmodial action, substantiating its ethnomedicinal application for malaria treatment.

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