Torque-dense photomechanical actuation

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoush Babaei ◽  
Junfeng Gao ◽  
Arul Clement ◽  
Kaushik Dayal ◽  
M. Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Photoactive Polymers ◽  
Photomechanical Actuation

Light driven creasing instabilities in photoactive polymers achieve torque densities comparable to those obtained from electromechanical systems. Photomechanical actuation occurs at ms-time scales and generates torque densities from 1–10 N m kg−1.

LVSEM: Past Present and Future

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
James B. Pawley
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Line Width ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
High Beam ◽  
Fixed Charges ◽  
Beam Voltage ◽  
Deposited Metal

Past: In 1960 Thornley published the first description of SEM studies carried out at low beam voltage (LVSEM, 1-5 kV). The aim was to reduce charging on insulators but increased contrast and difficulties with low beam current and frozen biological specimens were also noted. These disadvantages prevented widespread use of LVSEM except by a few enthusiasts such as Boyde. An exception was its use in connection with studies in which biological specimens were dissected in the SEM as this process destroyed the conducting films and produced charging unless LVSEM was used.In the 1980’s field emission (FE) SEM’s came into more common use. The high brightness and smaller energy spread characteristic of the FE-SEM’s greatly reduced the practical resolution penalty associated with LVSEM and the number of investigators taking advantage of the technique rapidly expanded; led by those studying semiconductors. In semiconductor research, the SEM is used to measure the line-width of the deposited metal conductors and of the features of the photo-resist used to form them. In addition, the SEM is used to measure the surface potentials of operating circuits with sub-micrometer resolution and on pico-second time scales. Because high beam voltages destroy semiconductors by injecting fixed charges into silicon oxide insulators, these studies must be performed using LVSEM where the beam does not penetrate so far.

SPECTRAL DIFFUSION AND RELAXATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL HOLES ON LOGARITHMIC TIME SCALES

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-357-C7-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Friedrich ◽  
D. Haarer
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Spectral Diffusion

Start and Progress of Sensors and Micro Electromechanical Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-127
Author(s):  
Shuichi SHOJI
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Systems

Controllability And Observability Of Kronecker Product Sylvester System On Time Scales

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
B V Appa Rao ◽  
Rachel Kezia ◽  
K A S N V Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Kronecker Product ◽  
Controllability And Observability

A Two Time Scales Turbulence Model of Turbulent Bubbly Flows

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-203
Author(s):  
Dhahri Maher ◽  
Bellakhel Ghazi ◽  
Chahed Jamel
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Bubbly Flows

Sparsity and Time Scales

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe H. Chow ◽  
Petar V. Kokotovic
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales

Rate Measurement Over Short Time Scales in Stationary Cellular Receivers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtegebreil Haile ◽  
Per Hurtig ◽  
Karl-Johan Grinnemo
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Short Time

Agent-Based Computational Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Elementary Type ◽  
Social Component ◽  
Different Time Scales

This part describes the agent-based and computational model for Agent_Zero and demonstrates its capacity for generative minimalism. It first explains the replicability of the model before offering an interpretation of the model by imagining a guerilla war like Vietnam, Afghanistan, or Iraq, where events transpire on a 2-D population of contiguous yellow patches. Each patch is occupied by a single stationary indigenous agent, which has two possible states: inactive and active. The discussion then turns to Agent_Zero's affective component and an elementary type of bounded rationality, as well as its social component, with particular emphasis on disposition, action, and pseudocode. Computational parables are then presented, including a parable relating to the slaughter of innocents through dispositional contagion. This part also shows how the model can capture three spatially explicit examples in which affect and probability change on different time scales.

Singular perturbations and time scales in guidance and control of aerospace systems - A survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Naidu ◽  
Anthony J. Calise
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Singular Perturbations ◽  
Guidance And Control ◽  
Aerospace Systems ◽  
And Control

A rapid recursive experimental approach for re-designing electromechanical systems

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Pil ◽  
Haruhiko Asada
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Electromechanical Systems
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