scholarly journals Inhibition of chloroplast translation as a new target for herbicides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill V Sukhoverkov ◽  
Karen J Breese ◽  
Aleksandra Debowski ◽  
Monika W Murcha ◽  
Keith Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Chloroplast Translation ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The rise in herbicide resistance over recent decades threatens global agriculture and food security and so discovery of new modes of action is increasingly important. Here we reveal linezolid, an...

scholarly journals Inhibition of chloroplast translation as a new target for herbicides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Sukhoverkov ◽  
Karen J. Breese ◽  
Aleksandra W. Debowski ◽  
Monika W. Murcha ◽  
Keith A. Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Chloroplast Translation ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

AbstractThe rise in herbicide resistance over recent decades threatens global agriculture and food security and so discovery of new modes of action is increasingly important. Here we reveal linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic that inhibits microbial translation, is also herbicidal. To validate the herbicidal mode of action of linezolid we confirmed its micromolar inhibition is specific to chloroplast translation and did not affect photosynthesis directly. To assess the herbicide potential of linezolid, testing against a range of weed and crop species found it effective pre- and post-emergence. Using structure-activity analysis we identified the critical elements for herbicidal activity, but importantly also show, using antimicrobial susceptibility assays, that separation of antibacterial and herbicidal activities was possible. Overall these results validate chloroplast translation as a viable herbicidal target.

scholarly journals Changing Global Governance Context for Food Security and Nutrition

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-336
Author(s):  
Uma Lele ◽  
Brian C. Baldwin ◽  
Sambuddha Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Through collective action, global governance helps identify, understand, and address problems that spill over national boundaries. Those problems include maintaining peace and security; developing and implementing rules with regard to trade in commodities and services, capital flows, and migration; containing transboundary pests and diseases; slowing global warming; and providing aid for needy countries and peoples. Specific international organizations (five discussed in Chapter 6) address these issues). The difference between global and national governance is that there is no global government. Global governance, through various international bodies and institutions, complements regional, national, and local governance in an important way and is the sum total of the informal and formal ideas, values, rules, norms, procedures, practices, policies, and institutions that govern all actors—states, intergovernmental organizations, civil society, nongovernmental organizations, transnational corporations, and the general public. The number of actors on the global governance scene has proliferated, as has the sheer number of international initiatives that have been started to mobilize incremental international funding in support of food security and nutrition since the 2007 food crisis. Many of the initiatives are reviewed in this chapter, showing that the amount of incremental funding in support of food security and nutrition, beyond traditional sources raised, was insignificant compared to the number of international consultations held. The Global Agriculture and Food Security Program was a notable exception, as well as the Agricultural Market Information System. This situation appears to have changed for the better since the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter examines the relationship between global, regional, national, and local governance.

The effects of climate change on agriculture and food security in Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Urbanization, urban agriculture and food security

Urban Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Antonia D. Bousbaine ◽  
Christopher Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Command Agriculture and Food Security: An Interrogation of State Intervention in the Post-Fast Track Land Redistribution Era in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962097933
Author(s):  
Langton Makuwerere Dube
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Fiscal Prudence

Command agriculture is a contract farming scheme necessitated by land redistribution that ruptured Zimbabwe’s sources of resilience, distorted credit access, heightened tenure insecurity, and spiked vulnerability to droughts. Using qualitative analysis of extant literature, this article rationalizes the program’s nobility of cause but argues that the program alone cannot revamp agriculture. Notwithstanding how the program has evolved, revamping agriculture also encompasses policies that address fiscal prudence and macroeconomic resilience. Equally important is agricultural training that fosters skills and technologies that are not only climate-responsive but also meet the demands of the constantly evolving agrarian value chain.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Glopan Food Systems Framework by Integrating Gender: Relevance for Women in African Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8564
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mkandawire ◽  
Melody Mentz-Coetzee ◽  
Margaret Najjingo Mangheni ◽  
Eleonora Barusi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Barriers ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Systems Framework

Globally, gender inequalities constrain food security, with women often disproportionately affected. Women play a fundamental role in household food and nutrition security. The multiple roles women play in various areas of the food system are not always recognised. This oversight emerges from an overemphasis on one aspect of the food system, without considering how this area might affect or be affected by another aspect. This study aimed to draw on international commitments and treaties using content analysis to enhance the Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Security food systems framework by integrating a gender perspective. The study found that generally, there is a consensus on specific actions that can be taken to advance gender equality at specific stages of the food system. However, governance and social systems constraints that are not necessarily part of the food system, but have a significant bearing on men and women’s capacity to effectively participate in the food system, need to be addressed. While the proposed conceptual framework has some limitations, it offers a foundation on which researchers, policymakers and other stakeholders can begin conceptualising the interconnectedness of gender barriers in the food system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document