Office Bullying in the Philippines and the Need for Public Policy

There is an urgent need to solve the problem of workplace bullying in both private and government sectors. Bullying at work creates serious negative consequences to the victims and the organization affecting their productivity. The magnitude of the problem necessitates state intervention to correct market and government failures. This policy paper studies office bullying and the need to legislate to realize efficient and effective allocation of government and private resources. It is guided by the Constitutional mandate that maintenance of peace, harmony, health and safety at work is an inherent duty of the State because of its inherent power to issue orders and command obedience to mitigate its effects. Using Cost Benefit Analysis, Institutional Analysis to policy making, and Rational-Decision making as tools for analysis, crafting and passing upon a statute is the most feasible means to address the problem of workplace bullying. The need to legislate a national policy on workplace bullying is necessary to mitigate its negative consequences both to employees and organizational productivity. Office bullying as a public issue also requires strict monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of similar or related laws may also address the problems cause by the same destructive behaviors but are inadequately explored in many researches.

The impact of national culture on COVID-19 pandemic outcomes

PurposeThis study aims to uncover the extent to which cultural traits may explain the puzzling international divergence in COVID-19 outcomes, and how those traits interact with state action to produce compliance with pandemic health policy.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework illustrates the surprising possibility that culture and state action may not reinforce each other but rather act as substitutes in eliciting anti-pandemic behavior. This possibility is tested empirically in two specifications: a cross-sectional regression that includes several novel COVID-related measures, and a panel model that controls for contemporaneous disease burden. Across these models, we use the measures of national culture developed by Hofstede (1984) and a newer metric developed by Schwartz (1990).FindingsIndividualism and egalitarianism have a positive effect on disease prevalence, while cultural heterogeneity was associated with a more robust public health response. Consistent with our model, we find that culture and state action served as substitutes in motivating compliance with COVID-19 policy.Practical implicationsThe results of this study imply that culture and state interact in determining the effectiveness of public health measures aimed at combating COVID-19; these results recommend culturally aware state intervention when combating pandemics.Originality/valueThis study offers several new contributions. First, it proposes a model to help contextualize the empirical analysis. Second, it examines a wider range of traits than previous studies, including cultural homogeneity and the Schwartz variables. Third, it employs a richer econometric specification that explores the interaction between state and culture in a panel context.

The uneven geography of real estate investment by Mainland Chinese state-owned and private enterprises in the U.S.: Local market conditions, migration, and ethnic networks

Since the 2010s, foreign direct investment in real estate (FDIRE) by Mainland Chinese firms has emerged as a major force within global real estate markets, challenging Western investors’ traditional dominance. It is unclear, however, whether Mainland Chinese FDIRE is fueled by the same motivations as those of investors from advanced economies, which to date have represented both the primary investors and main objects of study. One major difference may be that Mainland Chinese investment originates in an institutional environment comprised of strong state intervention and social networks important for fostering business and ethnic ties. To uncover the potentially unique determinants and heterogeneity of Mainland Chinese corporate real estate investors, we build and analyze a state-level panel dataset of Mainland Chinese FDIRE by state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in the U.S. from 2010 to 2017. Our empirical results reveal the importance of Chinese migrants in promoting Mainland Chinese real estate investment, especially by private enterprises. Our findings also demonstrate that at the state level, Mainland Chinese FDIRE exhibits few agglomerative tendencies.

Fenomena Netflix Platform Premium Video Streaming membangun kesadaran cyber etik dalam perspektif ilmu komunikasi

Netflix sebagai salah satu media layanan streaming video film dan serial televisi dunia memberikan dampak kepada budaya perfilman umat manusia. Menurut penelitian yang diterbitkan oleh Media Partners Asia (MPA) Mempublikasi bahwa platform video premium, seperti Netflix, Viu, WeTV, iQIYI dan Vidio mendapatkan 10% share/bagian dari Share Of Video Streaming Minutes In SEA di Q1 2021 (triwulan 1 tahun 2021). Dari Share Premium Video Streaming in SEA, Netflix telah memimpin konsumsi video premium dengan pangsa 40%, didorong oleh luas daya tarik katalog internasionalnya. Besarnya pemanfaatan Netflix yang begitu masif dan eskalatif di Indonesia, telah diantisipasi oleh Kementerian Kominfo sebagai perpanjangan dari regulator/ pemerintah RI. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif tentang konsep Etika maya/ cyber-ethics. Peneliti mencoba memahami Netflix sebagai entitas bentuk platform film Menggunakan penjelasan Richard A. Spinello mengenai Etika Maya (cyber-ethics) dan argumen Richard A. Spinello terkait Governing and Regulating the Internet yang dipubikasikan pada Artikel ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society tahun 2000 dengan judul Excerpt from CyberEthics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace. Film dan Televisi dapat dibahas dari berbagai aspek. Dalam konteks di Indonesia, regulasi yang dihasilkan untuk mengatur Film dan Televisi, yaitu lahirnya Undang-Undang Penyiaran No.32 Tahun 2002 dan Undang-Undang No. 33 Perfilman Tahun 2009. Netflix merupakan Platform Premium Video Streaming terindikasi mengandung unsur ponografi, SARA, LGBT, dan sadisme. Namun Netflix tidak bisa diregulasi oleh Undang-Undang Penyiaran No.32 Tahun 2002 dan Undang-Undang No. 33 Perfilman Tahun 2009. Tetapi menggunakan UU Nomor 36 Tahun 1999 tentang Telekomunikasi. Secara Regulasi netflix harus tunduk dengan aturan UU Telekomunikasi. Pemahaman cyber-ethics menjadi pembahasan yang penting dan harus mampu mengkaji perilaku yang sesuai moral, hukum, dan isu-isu sosial sebagai alat interaksi antar manusia. Berdasarkan Excerpt From CyberEthics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace ada solusi yang ditawarkan oleh Richard A. Spinello (2014) adalah Internet Governance/ Tata Kelola Internet. Selain melakukan Direct State Intervention, negara juga bisa membuat literasi terhadap membangun kesadaran cyber-ethics. Pemahaman Cyber-ethics dapat ditumbuhkan dengan memahami cyber wellness

Orchestrators of coordination: Towards a new role of the state in coordinated capitalism?

Liberalization poses significant challenges for the continued provision of collective goods within coordinated market economies (CME). Extant scholarship suggests two dominant sets of responses. Either CMEs continue to rely on employer coordination, but only for a privileged core, leading to dualization. Or, in cases where the state enjoys high capacity, the state instead compensates for liberalization but ends up crowding out employer coordination. In both cases, the result is decreasing employer coordination. We argue that in CMEs, the state may also play the role of “orchestrator” by supporting the revitalization of employer coordination. It does so through the deployment of ideational and institutional resources that mobilize employers’ associations on a voluntary basis. Applying our framework to a core area of coordinated capitalism, vocational education and training, we show that in both Germany and Switzerland, this indirect and soft form of state intervention was instrumental for turning around their crisis-stricken vocational training systems.

Commoning the State Forest: Crafting Commons through an Indonesian Social Forestry Program

Studies of the commons grew out of responses to Hardin's bleak prediction of “tragedy of the commons,” that without state intervention or privatization, any commons will eventually be destroyed by allegedly self-interested users. As such, the commons studies traditionally tend to demonstrate cases where common pool resources (CPR) can be sustainably managed by groups of people beyond the state and market interventions. This paper shows a case from Sulawesi, Indonesia, where a state social forestry program can create a space for the program beneficiaries to build a commons. Through fieldwork that involves participant observation and in-depth interviews with program extension workers and beneficiaries in two social forestry farmer groups, this study found that the program can stimulate beneficiary groups to build collective action in managing the state forest plots admitted to them and that the two groups are the only successful ones among 14 neighboring groups that are involved in the same program. The study also shows that the management of the state-sponsored commons requires extension workers with deep knowledge about local people and landscape, economic incentives, and the flexibility of the local state agency in bending the rules based on bottom-up demands. Therefore, the case study shows that, on the one hand, the state program can actually stimulate the creation of the commons. On the other hand, commoning seems to be the only way to ensure a successful social forestry program.

Wpływ interwencjonizmu państwowego w XX wieku na współczesną kondycję gospodarczą regionów włoskich

The article deals with the importance of the Italian state intervention in the 20th century in selected sectors of the economy (in regional terms) on the subsequent socio-economic situation of the regions. Due to the observed today very large differentiation of the regions, the question is whether and to what extent the central policy of the Italian state of the post-unification period influenced the disproportions occurring today? The article consists of three main parts: the first outlines the contemporary socio-economic differentiation of the regions, the second presents the economic condition of the regions after the unification of the country, and the position of the state, and the measures it has taken, including repair programs used to improve the socio-economic conditions of the regions, the third part assesses the relevance and legitimacy of the implementation of these measures in the context of the current situation of the country. The aim of the article is to indicate the importance of the role of state policy, and the decisions taken in the past on the contemporary economic condition of Italian regions. Thus, the author attempts to explain the permanent, and in some areas still deepening, differences in the socio-economic development of Italian regions.

Alternative ways of resolving legal disputes and their application in Ukraine

Resolving legal conflicts is one of the main tasks of any state. This function is in most cases entrusted to the judiciary, but as experience shows, the court alone cannot ensure the effective functioning of the legal dispute resolution system. For every democratic state, the availability of an alternative is important, and the subject of law must be able to choose the ways of resolving legal disputes. Today in the world there are such alternative ways of resolving disputes as: arbitration, mediation, consultation, negotiations, intersession, conciliation procedure and others. The purpose of the article is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of alternative dispute resolution methods. The article analyzes the literature on this topic, and also presents the features of alternative ways of dispute resolution, which allows us to identify their advantages and disadvantages as a legal procedure. The existence in most countries of the world of alternative dispute resolution is to some extent positive for the parties to the conflict, because dispute resolution through arbitration, mediation, negotiation, consultation and other alternative dispute resolution allows to resolve it without state intervention and they can be solved much faster. Alternative dispute resolution can to some extent be a source of savings money for the state, as they exist independently and do not require funds to provide them from the state, while in Ukraine the system of commercial courts annually requires a fairly large cost of maintaining such courts. Resolving disputes through alternative methods also speeds up their resolution, but in some cases the process itself can be more expensive

Analysis of the hotel industry potential of Lviv region. Prospects for the rural hotels development

The hotel industry is one of the most important components of tourism. Its capacity depends on the ability to generate revenue from the full range of tourism services, and, consequently, the success of tourism development at both national and regional levels. Therefore, in this study we would like to assess (1) the hotel sector positioning in the Lviv region by share in the tourist accommodation establishments among the regions of Ukraine; (2) state indicators of Ukraian hotel industry in comparison with similar indicators of the EU member states; (3) the Lviv region position in terms of share in the Ukraine hotel sector among other regions; (4) prospects for the rural hotels development. In the research process we used the systematic review method of scientific publications, Ukrainian legislation, as well as information and analytical materials of international organizations in the tourism field. The hotel sector positioning of Lviv region among other Ukraine regions it is determined on the basis of the studied regions share in the total volume of the country as a whole. The analysis showed that hotels and similar accommodation are the main part of the tourist accommodation establishments potential in the Lviv region. During the study period (2017–2019) the hotel business of Lviv region has a consistently high position among other regions (2nd place). Ranking 2nd in Europe in terms of area, Ukraine ranks 10th in the number of hotels and similar accommodation, and 22nd in the number of beds – among the EU countries, which indicates the insufficient level of the national hotel sector development. The number of hotels in Ukraine is growing slowly. The main reasons for this are: the unstable economic and political situation, the high cost of loans to finance the construction of new hotels, long-term return on investment in hotel real estate and others. The experience of foreign countries with a high level of the hotel sector development shows that state intervention is used to achieve such results. Therefore, in order to develop the hotel sector in Ukraine, it is necessary to develop a program to support it. In particular, in our opinion, fiscal incentives should be introduced (for example, a reduction in the VAT rate for the hotel sector). To increase the tourist flow can be applied the practice of VAT refunds for tourists, reducing VAT rates on passenger transport.

What Determines the Financial and Insurance Services Exports: The Case of the United Kingdom

The financial sector is a very basic pillar of the international financial system. Almost all countries of the present international economic system participate in international financial services. Today's era, due to intense globalization, constant capital movements, continuous commercial integration and the ever-increasing financial interconnection, have made financial and insurance services an essential element of the present reality. The financial sector is an industry that is very 'sensitive' to the macroeconomic and political stability of countries. This means that countries that are considered unstable cannot have a positive impact on their financial activities. One country that has a strong position in the financial sector is the United Kingdom (UK). The question that can be asked is this: what are the factors that determine the optimal functioning of financial and insurance activities. One answer could be the strong financial institutions of a country. Another answer is the corruption indicator. Or even the existence of intervention by the state apparatus in the financial functions. Of course, these factors must have tangible proof of the functioning of the economy. State intervention, for example, does not entirely mean that it is dysfunctional. This study will seek to create a framework for the analysis of financial services factors. The methodology applied is The Multiple Linear Regression - Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).