scholarly journals Ethylene: a gaseous signal in plants and bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Street ◽  
G. Eric Schaller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Ethylene Receptor ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Receptors ◽  
Ethylene Binding ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Sensory Mechanism

Ethylene was the first gaseous growth regulator discovered due to its pronounced effects on plant growth and development. Besides plants, many bacteria also have ethylene-binding proteins, indicating that the ability to bind and respond to ethylene is an evolutionarily ancient sensory mechanism. The recent characterization of an ethylene receptor from cyanobacteria and the finding that it plays a role in phototaxis confirms a prokaryotic role for the ethylene receptors and is consistent with the hypothesis that plants acquired ethylene receptors from the endosymbiont that gave rise to the chloroplast. The signalling pathway acting downstream of the plant ethylene receptors is considerably diverged from that found in bacteria, pointing to adaptations that can occur in transitioning from a prokaryotic to a eukaryotic cellular environment. Interestingly, although pathways for ethylene biosynthesis and signalling are conserved in plant lineages extending back to the green algae, there are examples of plants where these pathways have been lost, with ethylene no longer playing a regulatory role.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

scholarly journals Characterization of the VIER F-BOX PROTEINE Genes from Arabidopsis Reveals Their Importance for Plant Growth and Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja M. Schwager ◽  
Luz Irina A. Calderon-Villalobos ◽  
Esther M.N. Dohmann ◽  
Björn C. Willige ◽  
Stephan Knierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development

scholarly journals An Update on the Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plasmodesmata: A Focus on Formins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Diao ◽  
Shanjin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Shed Light

Cell-to-cell communication in plants is mediated by plasmodesmata (PD) whose permeability is tightly regulated during plant growth and development. The actin cytoskeleton has been implicated in regulating the permeability of PD, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Recent characterization of PD-localized formin proteins has shed light on the role and mechanism of action of actin in regulating PD-mediated intercellular trafficking. In this mini-review article, we will describe the progress in this area.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Cytokinin Sensor TCSv2 in Arabidopsis and Tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evyatar Steiner ◽  
Alon Israeli ◽  
Rupali Gupta ◽  
Ido Shwartz ◽  
Ido Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Hormones are crucial to plant life and development. Being able to follow the plants hormonal response to various stimuli and throughout developmental processes is an important and increasingly widespread tool. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development.Results: Here we describe a version of the CK sensor Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS), referred to as TCSv2. TCSv2 has a different arrangement of binding motifs when compared to previous TCS versions, resulting in increased sensitivity in some examined tissues. Here, we examine the CK responsiveness and distribution pattern of TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. Conclusions: the increased sensitivity and reported expression pattern of TCSv2 make it an ideal TCS version to study CK response in particular hosts, such as tomato, and particular tissues, such as leaves and flowers.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Cytokinin sensor TCSv2 in Arabidopsis and Tomato

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evyatar Steiner ◽  
Alon Israeli ◽  
Rupali Gupta ◽  
Ido Shwartz ◽  
Ido Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Hormones are crucial to plant life and development. Being able to follow the plants hormonal response to various stimuli and throughout developmental processes is an important and increasingly widespread tool. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Results: Here we describe a version of the CK sensor Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS), referred to as TCSv2. TCSv2 has a different arrangement of binding motifs when compared to previous TCS versions, resulting in increased sensitivity in some examined tissues. Here, we examine the CK responsiveness and distribution pattern of TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. Conclusions: the increased sensitivity and reported expression pattern of TCSv2 make it an ideal TCS version to study CK response in particular hosts, such as tomato, and particular tissues, such as leaves and flowers.

scholarly journals Ethylene signaling transcription factor promote grape growth induced by exogenous carbon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Wen-Fang Li ◽  
Meng-Fei Li ◽  
Zong-Huan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Signal Transduction ◽  
Ethylene Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background The carbon can be converted into sugar which is not only important for plant growth and development, but also for plant signal transduction, especially in plant hormone response. The objective of this work was to build available genomic and proteomic resource to investigate the molecular mechanisms of exogenous carbon regulating plant growth and development. Results Grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’) plantlets cultured with exogenous carbon (2% sucrose, 1000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and with both 2% sucrose and 1000 μmol·mol-1 CO2 were designated as S1, C0 and Cs, respectively). We used S0 (without sucrose, ambient CO2) as CK to analyze the differential expression genes and proteins induced by exogenous carbon. Through the transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, with pooled data for Cs, C0 and S1 compared with CK, 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 65 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Based on biological functions and physiological characteristics, we identified 8 DEGs and 2 DEPs related to ethylene signaling process. Amongst the DEGs we focussed on ERF TFs, including ERF5 (LOC100244353, LOC100247763, LOC100254616 and LOC100261260), ERF105 (LOC100249507 and LOC100259725), ERF2 (LOC100254640) and CTr (CTr7). Also, there were 2 DEPs related to ethylene metabolism, such as S-adenosylmethionine synthase 5 (SAM synthase 5; XP_002280106.1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2 (ACC oxidase 2; NP_001267871.1) were also identified. The transcriptome and proteome results suggested that exogenous carbon inhibits ethylene biosynthesis through ACC oxidase 2. Additionally, CTr7 and ERF5, which were up-regulated, are related to the ethylene signaling pathway. We speculate that exogenous carbon regulates plant growth through ethylene signaling pathways, but which inhibit ethylene biosynthesis. Conclusions Exogenous carbon regulates the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling related genes, which may improve plant growth through the ethylene signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Characterization of the cytokinin sensor TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato

Plant Methods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evyatar Steiner ◽  
Alon Israeli ◽  
Rupali Gupta ◽  
Ido Shwartz ◽  
Ido Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract Background Hormones are crucial to plant life and development. Being able to follow the plants hormonal response to various stimuli and throughout developmental processes is an important and increasingly widespread tool. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Results Here we describe a version of the CK sensor Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS), referred to as TCSv2. TCSv2 has a different arrangement of binding motifs when compared to previous TCS versions, resulting in increased sensitivity in some examined tissues. Here, we examine the CK responsiveness and distribution pattern of TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. Conclusions The increased sensitivity and reported expression pattern of TCSv2 make it an ideal TCS version to study CK response in particular hosts, such as tomato, and particular tissues, such as leaves and flowers.

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