Renin, Noradrenaline and Adrenaline Responses to Simulated Altitude

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr T. A. Kotchen ◽  
R. P. Hogan ◽  
A. E. Boyd ◽  
T.-K. Li ◽  
Helen C. Sing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Plasma renin activity, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion rates were measured in ten subjects during 3 days of exposure to a simulated altitude of 12 000 ft. 2. In both the supine and standing positions, renin activities were suppressed during all 3 days at altitude. 3. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were significantly increased by the third day at altitude. 4. Urinary adrenaline excretion tended to be increased during the entire 3 days at altitude, with no significant change between the first and third day. Noradrenaline excretion was significantly increased on the third day. 5. The finding of decreased renin levels suggests that the enhanced activity of the sympathetic nervous system at high altitude does not stimulate renin release.

Acute effect of labetalol on blood pressure in relation to the sympathetic nervous system and plasma renin activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas D Vlachakis ◽  
John Barr ◽  
Manuel Velasquez ◽  
Natalie Alexander ◽  
Robert Maronde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

scholarly journals Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension Is Accompanied by Increased Out-of-Clinic Aldosterone Secretion

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Siddiqui ◽  
Eric K. Judd ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Tanja Dudenbostel ◽  
Robert M. Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Serum Aldosterone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) in treated patients is defined as controlled office blood pressure (BP) but uncontrolled out-of-clinic ambulatory BP. Previously, we have shown that patients with MUCH have evidence of heightened out-of-clinic sympathetic nervous system activity. The aim is to test the hypothesis that MUCH patients have higher aldosterone secretion compared with patients with true controlled hypertension. Two hundred twenty-two patients were recruited after having controlled office BP readings at ≥3 clinic visits. Patients taking MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) antagonists and epithelial sodium channel blockers were excluded. All patients were evaluated by clinic automated office BP and morning serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity. Out-of-clinic ambulatory BP monitoring and 24-hour urinary aldosterone, catecholamines, and metanephrines were also measured. Sixty-four patients had MUCH, and the remaining 48 patients had true controlled hypertension. MUCH patients had significantly higher out-of-clinic levels of 24-hour urinary aldosterone, catecholamines, and metanephrines compared with true controlled hypertension. The 2 groups did not differ in serum aldosterone, plasma renin activity, or aldosterone-renin ratio collected in clinic. In addition, 32.8% of MUCH patients had high out-of-clinic 24-hour urinary aldosterone (≥12 µg) but normal clinic serum aldosterone (<15 ng/dL) and aldosterone-renin ratio (<20). Further, in correlation matrix analysis, higher 24-hour urinary catecholamines and metanephrines were associated with higher 24-hour urinary aldosterone and plasma renin activity levels in MUCH patients. Patients with MUCH have higher out-of-clinic urinary aldosterone levels compared with patients with true controlled hypertension. This study suggests that patients with MUCH likely have higher out-of-clinic sympathetic nervous system tone increases aldosterone secretion mediated by increased renin release that may contribute to their higher out-of-clinic BP.

Effects of psychosocial stimuli on plasma renin activity in rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1290-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Clamage ◽  
CS Sanford ◽  
AJ Vander ◽  
DR Mouw
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The effects of two types of psychosocial stimuli on plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in unanesthetized rats, blood being collected by decapitation. Thirty minutes of exposure to a novel environment ("open field") produced statistically significant increases of PRA in rats maintained on either a standard (1% NaCl) or sodium-free diet. No change in plasma renin substrate occurred. Prior treatment with propranolol (approximately 2 mg/kg) reduced the renin response by approximately 50% but did not completely abolish it. Plasma renin activity was also increased significantly by exposure of caged rats to the presence of a hungry cat for 30 min. We conclude that psychosocial stimuli can produce significant increases in renin secretion and that this response is mediated, at least in part, by the sympathetic nervous system.

Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Acebutolol: Its Relation to Sympathetic Nervous System Responsiveness and to Plasma Renin and Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activities

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 477s-480s
Author(s):  
A. Fournier ◽  
J. M. Hardin ◽  
J. M. Alexandre ◽  
M. Lombaert ◽  
G. Ronco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
The Common ◽  
System Responsiveness ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

1. Acebutolol, a β1-receptor blocker, has, at a daily dose of 800 mg, a mild but significant anti-hypertensive effect in moderate sustained essential hypertension with normal or low plasma renin activity. 2. Prediction of its anti-hypertensive effect is better based on the evaluation of the sympathetic nervous system responsiveness to head-up tilt than on the evaluation of plasma renin activity or dopamine-β-hydroxylase. 3. The anti-hypertensive effect of acebutolol is better explained on the basis of inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system activity than on the basis of suppression of plasma renin activity. 4. A positive correlation between plasma renin activity and dopamine-β-hydroxylase in patients on diuretics suggests the common dependence of these two variables on sympathetic overactivity.

Impaired Response of Plasma Renin Activity to Tilting after Renal Transplantation

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cunningham ◽  
M. J. Vandenburg ◽  
J. M. P. Holly ◽  
F. J. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

1. Changes in plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline, pulse rate and blood pressure after tilting were measured in normal subjects and in patients with renal transplants. 2. There was a marked difference between the renin responses in the two groups, the increases in plasma renin activity in the control subjects being much greater than those in the transplanted patients. 3. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system after tilting, as indicated by changes in pulse rate, blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline, was similar in the two groups. 4. We conclude that the ability of the transplanted kidney to increase plasma renin activity after tilting is impaired, probably as a result of sympathetic denervation of the kidney during transplantation. The results suggest a dominant role of the sympathetic nervous system in the mediation of renin release after tilting.

The sympathetic muscle metaboreflex is not different in the third trimester in normotensive pregnant women.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Skow ◽  
Andrew R. Steele ◽  
Graham M. Fraser ◽  
Margie H. Davenport ◽  
Craig D. Steinback
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Isometric handgrip (IHG) is used to assess sympathetic nervous system responses to exercise and may be useful at predicting hypertension in both pregnant and non-pregnant populations. We have previously observed altered sympathetic nervous system control of blood pressure in late pregnancy. Therefore, we measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure during muscle metaboreflex activation (IHG) in normotensive pregnant women in the third trimester compared to healthy non-pregnant women. Nineteen pregnant (32±3wks gestation) and fourteen non-pregnant women were matched for age, non/pre-pregnant BMI, and parity. MSNA (microneurography), heart rate (ECG), and arterial blood pressure (Finometer) were continuously recorded during ten minutes of rest, and then during two-minutes of IHG at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, and two-minutes of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Baseline SNA was elevated in pregnant (41±11 bursts/min) compared to non-pregnant women (27 ± 9 bursts/minute; p=0.005); however, the sympathetic baroreflex gain and neurovascular transduction were not different between groups (p=0.62 and p=0.32, respectively). During IHG and PECO there was no significant differences in the pressor response (∆MAP) during IHG and PECO was not different between groups (p=0.25, main effect of group) nor the sympathetic response (interaction effect: p=0.16, 0.25, and 0.27 for burst frequency, burst incidence, and total SNA respectively). These data suggest that pregnant women who have maintained sympathetic baroreflex and neurovascular transduction also have similar sympathetic and pressor responses during exercise.

Plasma Catecholamines and Plasma Renin Activity at Birth and during the First Days of Life

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 319s-321s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonetti ◽  
C. Bianchini ◽  
G. B. Picotti ◽  
A. Cesura ◽  
Letizia Caccamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline Levels

1. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were measured in 21 mothers at delivery and in their babies at birth (umbilical cord blood) and on days 1 and 5 of extrauterine life. 2. At birth plasma renin activity was significantly higher in the newborn than in mothers. Plasma renin activity increased further, but not significantly, on day 1 of life and significantly decreased on day 5. On day 5, 10 min head-up tilting caused no change in plasma renin activity. 3. Plasma noradrenaline in the newborn was higher than in mothers at birth and significantly decreased thereafter. Plasma adrenaline levels at birth were similar in the newborn and their mothers and significantly lower in the newborn in subsequent days. Tilting caused no increase in either plasma adrenaline or noradrenaline levels. 4. No correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels and plasma renin activity, or between noradrenaline, adrenaline or plasma renin activity and blood pressure.

Effects of opioid antagonism on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Staessen ◽  
Roberto Fiocchi ◽  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
Robert Fagard ◽  
Peter Hespel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

1. Physical effort involves, along with an increase in the plasma concentration of β-endorphin, profound adaptations of the circulation and the endocrine system. The effects of opioid antagonism on the responses of blood pressure, heart rate and several hormones to exercise were therefore studied in 10 normal men. They exercised in the supine position up to 33% and 66% of their maximal exercise capacity and received in a randomized double-blind cross-over protocol, either saline or naloxone (10 mg intravenously, followed by a continuous infusion of 10 mg/h). 2. Intra-arterial pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored, but were not affected by naloxone. 3. At rest, opioid antagonism produced a rise in plasma renin activity and in plasma adrenocorticotropin, Cortisol and aldosterone, but only the stimulation of the two adrenocortical hormones differed significantly from the control experiments; at rest naloxone also prevented the fall in plasma adrenaline, which occurred with saline infusion. Furthermore, the exercise-induced rises in plasma angiotensin II, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline were higher on naloxone than on saline, while a similar tendency was also present for the increases with exercise in plasma renin activity and plasma adrenocorticotropin. Neither at rest nor during exercise did opioid antagonism alter plasma lactate and glucose and serum insulin and growth hormone. 4. In conclusion, (1) endogenous opioids are not involved in the responses of blood pressure and heart rate to supine exercise; (2) at rest and during exercise, the endogenous opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropin, aldosterone, Cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline; (3) they also inhibit the plasma renin-angiotensin II system indirectly via the catecholamines.

Catecholamines and the control of metabolism in man

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
T. Bennett ◽  
I. W. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline

Introduction: The physiological effects of catecholamines can result from a combination of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and secretion from the adrenal medulla. However, studies in the rat have revealed circumstances in which adrenal medullary secretion can occur at a time when the activity of the sympathetic nervous system is suppressed [1]; furthermore, in the lamb there may be variations in the relative amounts of noradrenaline and adrenaline secreted from the adrenal medulla [2]. It is not known whether such phenomena occur in man.

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