Impaired Renal Function in Obstructive Jaundice: Enhanced Glomerular Thromboxane Synthesis and Effects of Thromboxane Receptor Blockade in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Kramer ◽  
Kriemhild Schwarting ◽  
Angela Bäcker
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Duct Ligation

1. Patients with obstructive jaundice are especially susceptible to acute renal failure. We have previously observed that in rats with bile duct ligation impaired renal function is associated with increased urinary thromboxane excretion. 2. In the present study we therefore investigated, in rats with bile duct ligation, renal function, urinary thromboxane excretion and thromboxane B2 synthesis by isolated glomeruli as well as the effects of the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist Daltroban on renal function in rats with bile duct ligation as compared with sham-operated rats. 3. On the fourth day after bile duct ligation (n = 7 rats) endogenous creatinine clearance as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced to 0.74 ± 0.05 (SEM) as compared with 1.06 ± 0.09 ml min−1 g−1 kidney weight in sham-operated rats (n = 7, P < 0.01). In rats with bile duct ligation, urine volume was slightly increased, whereas urinary sodium (Na+) (P < 0.001) and potassium (K+) (P < 0.01) excretion as well as urine osmolarity (P < 0.05) were significantly reduced and lower than in sham-operated rats. 4. Urinary thromboxane excretion was significantly higher in rats with bile duct ligation than in sham-operated rats: 116.6 ± 22.3 versus 56.8 ± 10.2 pmol 24h−1 100 g−1 body weight (P < 0.05). Thromboxane B2 synthesis in glomeruli isolated from rats with bile duct ligation was also significantly higher than in sham-operated rats: 12.6 ± 2.0 versus 6.4 ± 0.9 pmol h−1 mg−1 protein (P < 0.05). 5. The thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist Daltroban normalized glomerular filtration rate in a second group of rats with bile duct ligation (n = 7) to 1.03 ± 0.08 (P < 0.01) and slightly increased it in sham-operated rats (n = 7) to 1.24 ± 0.11 ml min−1 g−1 kidney weight (not significant). Daltroban, while without effects on urine volume and osmolarity in sham-operated rats, further increased urine volume and decreased osmolarity in rats with bile duct ligation after surgery. After surgery Daltroban reduced fractional Na+ and K+ excretion in sham-operated rats and in rats with bile duct ligation. 6. The results suggest that obstructive jaundice following bile duct ligation is associated with enhanced renal glomerular thromboxane A2 synthesis, which suppresses glomerular filtration rate and predisposes to acute renal failure. Treatment with Daltroban, a specific thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist, restores glomerular filtration rate to normal, probably secondary to normalization of disturbed intrarenal blood flow following bile duct ligation.

Renal Function in Chronic Obstructive Jaundice: A Micropuncture Study in Rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie E. M. Allison ◽  
N. G. Moss ◽  
Mary M. Fraser ◽  
J. W. Dobbie ◽  
C. J. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Bile Duct Ligation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Duct Ligation

1. We have studied kidney structure and function in female Sprague—Dawley rats with chronic obstructive jaundice after bile-duct ligation and section and in age-matched sham-operated control animals. 2. High bile-duct ligation and section resulted in immediate hyperbilirubinaemia and progressive hepatomegaly with histological evidence of bile-duct proliferation and periportal inflammation and fibrosis. 3. Only 20% of the jaundiced animals developed ascites, but 42% became hypotensive and died during preparation for micropuncture. 4. In the surviving rats there was no significant change in blood pressure, whole-kidney glomerular filtration rate, single-nephron glomerular filtration rate or calculated glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure from control animals. However, renal plasma flow was increased so that whole-kidney filtration fraction was low. These changes were largely reversed by choledochoduodenostomy. 5. Proximal tubular reabsorption in the jaundiced group was not different from control rats, although the inulin (urine/plasma) ratio was significantly reduced, indicating diminished reabsorption distal to the proximal convoluted tubule. Proximal intratubular hydrostatic pressure was significantly increased in some nephrons. 6. Electron microscopy of the glomeruli from the jaundiced animals revealed evidence of marked increase in activity of both epithelial and endothelial cells. 7. Rats who survive chronic obstructive jaundice for 3–4 weeks have changes in renal function and also structural changes suggestive of diminished glomerular permeability.

Renal Endothelin System in Obstructive Jaundice: Its Role in Impaired Renal Function of Bile-Duct Ligated Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert J. Kramer ◽  
Kriemhild Schwarting ◽  
Angela Backer ◽  
Harald Meyer-Lehnert
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Duct Ligation

1. Obstructive jaundice predisposes the kidney to acute renal failure. Endothelin (ET), a potent renal vasoconstrictor and modulator of the tubular action of arginine vasopressin, has been suggested to play a pathogenetic role in acute renal failure. In the present study we therefore investigated renal function and the renal ET system in rats on day 4 after bile-duct ligation (BDL) or sham-operation (SO), without (n = 7 in each group) and with treatment with bosentan, a combined ETA/ETB receptor blocker, (n = 5 in each group). 2. On day 4 after BDL, serum bilirubin had increased to 226 ± 10 μmol/l (SEM) as compared with 6 ± 2 μmol/l in SO rats. Endogenous creatinine clearance, an index of glomerular filtration rate, was significantly reduced to 0.7 ± 0.1 ml min−1 g−1 of kidney weight after BDL as compared with 1.1 ± 0.1 ml min−1 g−1 of kidney weight after SO (P < 0.05). Bosentan prevented the decrease in glomerular filtration rate (1.0 ± 0.2 ml min−1 g−1 of kidney weight), as well as polyuria and defective concentrating ability, in BDL rats. 3. Plasma ET concentration on day 4 after surgery (28.2 ± 1.5 pmol/l) was higher (P < 0.01) in BDL than in SO rats (12.9 ± 1.5 pmol/l) and rose further in bosentan-treated BDL and SO rats (43.4 ± 5.1 compared with 21.9 ± 6.6 pmol/l). Urinary ET excretion was significantly higher in BDL rats than in SO rats (1.58 ± 0.22 compared with 1.28 ± 0.18 pmol 24h−1 100 g−1 of body weight; P < 0.05). 4. ET synthesis by glomeruli isolated from BDL rats was lower [81 ± 19 fmol h−1 (mg of protein)−1] than that from SO-rats [139 ± 28 fmol h−1 mg of protein)−1; P < 0.05], whereas papillary ET synthesis was higher in BDL [10 ± 3 fmol h−1 (mg of protein)−1] than in SO rats [4 ± 1 fmol h−1 (mg of protein)−1; P < 0.05]. 5. The results indicate that BDL is associated with increased plasma ET concentration and suppression of GFR. Enhanced renal inner medullary collecting-duct ET synthesis, which is reflected by increased urinary ET excretion, may reduce distal tubular water absorption in BDL rats. Increased circulating and renal papillary ET synthesis may thus contribute to renal dysfunction and predispose the kidney to acute renal failure in obstructive jaundice.

Acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Chakera ◽  
William G. Herrington ◽  
Christopher A. O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Rapid Decrease

Acute renal failure (also referred to as acute kidney injury) refers to a rapid decrease in renal function; it is reflected by an increase in blood urea and creatinine and is often associated with oliguria (a urine volume of less than 400 ml/24 hours). It usually develops over days to weeks. Acute kidney injury has been variously classified, but the current classifications are based on the glomerular filtration rate (or creatinine), looking at changes from baseline, and the presence of oliguria or anuria. The potential etiologies of acute kidney injury are usually considered anatomically under the headings prerenal, renal (intrinsic), and postrenal. This chapter looks at the etiology, symptoms, clinical features, demographics, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of acute kidney injury.

Effects of Rehmanniae Radix Water Extract on Renal Function and Renin Secretion Rate in Unanesthetized Rabbits

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Sub Lee ◽  
Seong Tae Kim ◽  
Dong Kee Cho
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Rehmanniae Radix

This study was undertaken to explore the effects of different preparations of Rehmanniae Radix on renal function and renin secretion rate. Steamed Rehmanniae showed a decrease in urine volume, renal hemodynamics, and urinary excretion of electrolytes confined to the infused kidney, and was followed by an increase in urinary excretion of electrolytes from both kidneys. Dried Rehmanniae showed a decrease in urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary excretion of electrolytes, while raw Rehmanniae showed only an increase in urinary excretion of electrolytes. Steamed Rehmanniae and dried Rehmanniae decreased renin secretion rate, but raw Rehmanniae tended to increase renin secretion. These results suggest that the Rehmanniae Radix preparations have different effects on renal function and renin secretion rate.

Clinical Renal Function Testing by External Double Isotope Monitoring Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
J. Fog Pedersen ◽  
M. Fog Pedersen ◽  
Paul Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

SummaryAn accurate catheter-free technique for clinical determination simultaneouslyof glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by means of radioisotopes has been developed. The renal function is estimated by the amount of radioisotopes necessary to maintain a constant concentration in the patient’s blood. The infusion pumps are steered by a feedback system, the pumps being automatically turned on when the radiation measured over the patient’s head falls below a certain preset level and turned off when this level is again readied. 131I-iodopyracet was used for the estimation of effective renal plasma flow and125I-iothalamate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. These clearances were compared to the conventional bladder clearances and good correlation was found between these two clearance methods (correlation coefficients 0.97 and.90 respectively). The advantages and disadvantages of this new clearance technique are discussed.

STUDY OF RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS THE RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

2014 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Van Chuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

Background: A Research glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with renal scanning 99mTc-DTPA glomerular filtration rate at the hospital 175. Objective: (1) To study characteristics of imaging of renal function. (2) Understanding the relationship between GFR with blood sugar, HbA1c, blood pressure and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. Clinical examination, Clinical tests and 99mTc-DTPA GFR gamma - camera renography for patients. Result: GFR of the study group was 75,4 ± 22,3 ml/phut/1,73m2, the left kidney was 35,0 ± 13,0 is lower than the right kidney and 39,8 ± 11,9; p <0,01. There is no correlation between GFR with blood glucose and HbA1c, the risk of reduced GFR in hypertensive group associated is OR = 6,5 with p<0,01; albuminuria (+) is OR = 4,2 with p <0,01; and disease duration > 10 years is OR = 3,5 with p <0.01. Conclusion: GFR of the left kidneys is lower than the right kidney; correlation decreased GFR associated with hypertension, albuminuria and disease duration. Keywords: GFR, diabetes, albuminuria

scholarly journals Assessing glomerular filtration rate in healthy adult potential kidney donors in Bangladesh: A comparison of various prediction equations with measured glomerular filtration rate by diethylentriamine pentaacetic acid renogram

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
F Jahan ◽  
MNU Chowdhury ◽  
T Mahbub ◽  
SM Arafat ◽  
S Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Measured Gfr

To ensure that potential kidney donors in Bangladesh have no renal impairment, it is extremely important to have accurate methods for evaluating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We evaluated the performance of serum creatinine based GFR in healthy adult potential kidney donors in Bangladesh to compare GFR determined by DTPA with that determined by various prediction equations. In this study GFR in 61 healthy adult potential kidney donors were measured with 99mTc-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) renogram. We also estimated GFR using a four variable equation modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance (CG CrCl), Cockcroft-Gault glomerular filtration rate (CG-GFR). The mean age of study population was 34.31±9.46 years and out of them 65.6% was male. In this study mean mGFR was 85.4±14.8. Correlation of estimated GFR calculated by CG-CrCl, CG-GFR and MDRD were done with measured GFR DTPA using quartile. Kappa values were also estimated which was found to be 0.104 for (p=0.151), 0.336 for (p=0.001) and 0.125 for (p=0.091) respectively. This indicates there is no association between estimated GFR calculated by CG-CrCl, CG-GFR, MDRD with measured GFR DTPA. These results show poor performance of these equations in evaluation of renal function among healthy population and also raise question regarding validity of these equations for assessment of renal function in chronic kidney disease in our population. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i2.19646 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 74-79

Pathogenesis and Assessment of Renal Function in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis

Folia Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilyana H. Teneva
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Early Assessment

Abstract In liver cirrhosis patients awaiting liver transplantation, it is prognostically equally important to assess the renal function before and after transplantation. This is evidenced by the inclusion of serum creatinine in the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Most of the causes of renal failure in liver cirrhosis are functional, the acute kidney damage including prerenal azotemia, acute tubular necrosis and hepatorenal syndrome. A major index of the renal function, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is determined in a specific way in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clinically, serum creatinine is considered the best indicator of kidney function, although it is rather unreliable when it comes to early assessment of renal dysfunction. Most of the patients with liver cirrhosis have several concomitant conditions, which are the reason for the false low creatinine levels, even in the presence of moderate to severe kidney damage. This also holds for the creatinine clearance and creatinine-based estimation equations for assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (the Cockroft-Gault and MDRD formulas), which overestimate the real glomerular filtration. Clearance of exogenous markers is considered a gold standard, but the methods for their determination are rather costly and hard to apply. Alternative serum markers (e.g., cystatin C) have been used, but they should be better studied in cases of liver cirrhosis assessment.

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