Age Differences in Speech Motor Performance on a Novel Speech Task

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraja Sadagopan ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Speech Motor ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Age Related Changes

PurposeThe study was aimed at characterizing age-related changes in speech motor performance on a nonword repetition task as a function of practice and nonword length and complexity.MethodNonword repetition accuracy, lip aperture coordination, and nonword production durations were assessed on 2 consecutive days for 16 young and 16 elderly participants for the production of 6 novel nonwords increasing in length and complexity.ResultsThe effect of age on the ability to accurately and rapidly repeat long, complex nonwords was significant. However, the authors found no differences between the speech motor coordinative patterns of young and elderly adults. Further, the authors demonstrated age- and nonword-specific within- and between-session gains in speech motor performance.ConclusionsThe authors speculate that cognitive, sensory, and motor factors interact in complex ways in elderly individuals to produce individual differences in nonword repetition ability at the levels of both behavioral and speech motor performance.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Behaviour of Domestic Horses as Reported by Owners

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Burattini ◽  
Kate Fenner ◽  
Ashley Anzulewicz ◽  
Nicole Romness ◽  
Jessica McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Multivariable Modelling ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age Related Changes

The broad traits of boldness and independence in domestic horses can affect their usefulness and, indirectly, their welfare. The objective of the current study was to explore associations between attributes that reflect equine boldness and independence with both the age of horses and the age at which they were started under saddle, as well as other variables including breed, colour and primary equestrian discipline. All data were sourced from responses (n = 1940) to the 97-question online Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ). Twenty E-BARQ items from the dataset were selected to reflect boldness and independence and were tested for univariate significance at p < 0.2. Multivariable modelling of the effect of age on remaining traits was assessed by an ordinal logistic regression, using a cumulative log odds model. This revealed that older horses were bolder (p = 0.012). However, horses started under saddle at an older age were less bold and less independent (p = 0.040 and p = 0.010, respectively). Australian Stock Horses were bolder and more independent (p = 0.014 and p = 0.007, respectively) than crossbreed horses. Horses used for breeding conformation (p = 0.039), working equitation (p = 0.045), eventing (p = 0.044) and traditional working horses (p = 0.034) were bolder than those used for other disciplines. Dressage (p = 0.039) and therapy (p = 0.040) horses were less bold than horses used for other disciplines. Stallions were bolder (p = −0.034) than geldings. Brown (p = 0.049) and chestnut (p = 0.027) horses were less bold than bay horses. Compared to crossbreed horses, Thoroughbreds (p = 0.000) and companion horses (p = 0.017) were less bold whilst heavy horses (p = 0.029) and ponies (p = 0.044) were bolder. Compared to pleasure horses, mounted games horses (p = 0.033) were less independent whereas working equitation horses (p = 0.020) were more independent. Riders with more than eight years’ experience reported more independence in their horses (p = 0.015) than those who had ridden their whole lives. The study findings suggest that boldness and independence are separate traits and only boldness was associated with the age of the horse. Factors that relate to desirable boldness and independence are important in ridden horses because they can affect rider safety. Results from this study should improve horse–rider matching and thereby potentially enhance horse welfare.

Age Differences in the Useful Field of View during Real-World Driving

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schieber ◽  
Jess Gilland
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Real World ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Useful Field Of View ◽  
Target Eccentricity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age differences in the useful field of view (UFOV) were assessed during real-world driving using a newly developed car-following protocol. Nineteen young (mean age = 23) and 19 older (mean age = 73) drivers were examined. Peripheral target detection performance declined significantly with age and target eccentricity. However, consistent with several recent studies, no age by target eccentricity interaction was observed. These findings contribute to the validation of the UFOV construct and provide a foundation for better understanding age-related changes in visual attention in the real-world driving domain.

Retroactive and Proactive Inhibition in Young and Elderly Adults Using an Unpaced Modified Free Recall Test

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Traxler
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Transfer Paradigm ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anticipation Interval ◽  
Recall Procedure

The role of interference as an age-related variable in RI and PI as a function of anticipation interval and transfer paradigm was studied by employing different transfer paradigms (A-B, A-C; A-B, C-B; A-B, C-D), and by varying the anticipation interval (2 sec. or 4 sec.). 60 young ( M = 27.42 yr.) and 60 elderly adults ( M = 68.73 yr.) learned 2 lists of paired adjectives to an 8/8 criterion and then recalled the lists by means of a written modified method of free recall. Significant age differences in RI and PI were found, with the old Ss showing disproportionately more RI under the 2-sec. A-B, A-C high interference condition. Neither anticipation interval nor transfer paradigm contributed to age differences in PI. Results indicated that adult age differences in RI and PI as measured by the unpaced modified free-recall procedure essentially agree with those in RI and PI studies using relearning and paced recall tests.

Orienting Responses as a Function of Age and Task Complexity

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stimulus Content ◽  
Stimulus Offset ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
And Task

Age-related differences in the elicitation and habituation of orienting responses to the onset and offset of stimuli have been suggested by several authors. Electrodermal and cardiac orienting responses to the onset and offset of a visual stimulus were measured in three age groups (4 yr., 7 yr., and undergraduate). Each S made one of three judgments: non-signal (observe stimulus), content (color of stimulus), and duration (length of time stimulus presented). Few age differences were found in elicitation or habituation of orienting responses to stimulus onset or offset. There was a trend for elicitation of orienting responses to stimulus offset to be age-related, but the failure to find any other age-related changes made this difference somewhat questionable. Instructions as to the judgment to be made by S were the primary determinants of orienting responses to stimulus onset and offset across all age groups.

scholarly journals Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

scholarly journals The Effect of Age-related Changes and Loss of Teeth on Masticatory Ability in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (SAM).

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-611
Author(s):  
Eiji Hozumi ◽  
Daisuke Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Murakami ◽  
Takashi Yokoyama ◽  
Yutaka Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Related ◽  
Masticatory Ability ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Giving vs. losing: age differences in decisions about charitable donations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Related Increase

In addition to making decisions about gains and losses that affect only ourselves, often in life we make decisions that benefit others. Research on lifespan changes in motivation suggests that altruistic motives become stronger with age. However, few studies have explored the effect of age on decisions that affect others. The current study used a realistic financial decision making task involving choices for gains, losses, and donations. Each decision involved an intertemporal choice, in which the participant selected either a smaller-sooner or a larger-later option that could affect their bonus payout. Participants included 36 healthy younger adults (M = 25.1 years) and 36 healthy older adults (M = 70.4 years). Both age groups chose more larger-later donations than larger-later losses, but the magnitude of this effect was amplified in older relative to younger adults. These findings suggest that intertemporal choices may be sensitive to an age-related increase in altruistic motivation

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on Tympanometric Findings in Indian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeet Kumar Sinha ◽  
Anuj Kumar Neupane ◽  
Krithika Gururaj
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Gender Effect ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Introduction Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss being a cumulative effect of aging on hearing, is a progressive and irreversible bilateral symmetrical sensorineural loss. In older individuals, one of the most important structures which undergo changes due to aging is the middle ear. There is a dearth of studies in Indian population regarding the tympanometric characteristics in older individuals. Thus, this study was taken up with an objective to report the different tympanometric characteristics in elderly individuals (aged above 50 years) who reported with ear- or hearing-related complaints to the Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods A register-based analysis was conducted where immittance tests were performed. Results There was no effect of age on static admittance, ear canal volume, and tympanometric peak pressure values. Also, there was no gender effect on tympanometric findings. Conclusion The result of the present study helps in understanding the different middle ear mechanisms in older adults.

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