scholarly journals Autonomic Correlates of Speech Versus Nonspeech Tasks in Children and Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1296-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley S. Arnold ◽  
Megan K. MacPherson ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
School Age ◽  
Electrodermal Response ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Pulse Volume

Purpose To assess autonomic arousal associated with speech and nonspeech tasks in school-age children and young adults. Method Measures of autonomic arousal (electrodermal level, electrodermal response amplitude, blood pulse volume, and heart rate) were recorded prior to, during, and after the performance of speech and nonspeech tasks by twenty 7- to 9-year-old children and twenty 18- to 22-year-old adults. Results Across age groups, autonomic arousal was higher for speech tasks compared with nonspeech tasks, based on peak electrodermal response amplitude and blood pulse volume. Children demonstrated greater relative arousal, based on heart rate and blood pulse volume, for nonspeech oral motor tasks than adults but showed similar mean arousal levels for speech tasks as adults. Children demonstrated sex differences in autonomic arousal; specifically, autonomic arousal remained high for school-age boys but not girls in a more complex open-ended narrative task that followed a simple sentence production task. Conclusions Speech tasks elicit greater autonomic arousal than nonspeech tasks, and children demonstrate greater autonomic arousal for nonspeech oral motor tasks than adults. Sex differences in autonomic arousal associated with speech tasks in school-age children are discussed relative to speech-language differences between boys and girls.

Sex Differences in the Performance of School Children

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Eva P. Lester ◽  
Stephanie Dudek ◽  
Roy C. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Conceptual Ability ◽  
Objective Tests

Marked and consistent differences in academic performance between boys and girls were found in a longitudinal study of young school-age children. Performance, measured by objective tests administered by a psychologist, was higher in girls in all grades (Grade I to Grade V). However, tests of intelligence, perceptual maturity and conceptual ability showed no sex-linked differences — the only tests favouring the girls were those of motor ability. To explain the better academic performance of female children, personality attributes were considered (C.P.I.). Statistically significant differences were found in three personality dimensions: girls were found to be obedient and dependent, sober-minded and quiet, practical and realistic. In contrast the boys were found to be assertive and independent, excitable and happy-go-lucky, sensitive and free thinking. The significance of these findings is discussed in terms of academic achievement and also in terms of culturally-determined sex-typing of young children.

Acoustic Measures of Emotion in School-Age Children Who Stutter: Findings From a Single Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-906
Author(s):  
Heather D. Salvo ◽  
Anna M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Electrodermal Response ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Manipulation Check ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Psychophysiological Measures ◽  
Stressful Task ◽  
Range Jitter

Purpose The purpose of this study was to encourage and justify the examination of acoustic measures of emotion (mean fundamental frequency [F0], F0 range, jitter, and shimmer) from school-age children who stutter (CWS) in a novel procedure combining psychophysiological measures of stress with acoustic analysis. Method One school-age CWS (aged 11;9 [years;months]) completed a cognitively stressful speech-language task and a control speech-language task. Vocal acoustic samples were collected during the stressful task and the control task. These samples were later analyzed for F0, F0 range, jitter, and shimmer. Physiological measures of emotional arousal, including electrodermal response frequency and electrodermal response amplitude, were also recorded prior to, during, and after each condition for manipulation check purposes. Physiological measures of emotion regulation, indexed by mean heart rate variability, were also collected prior to and after each condition for manipulation check purposes. Results Findings from the psychophysiological measures suggest that the CWS experienced increased stress during the stress-inducing task. Acoustic measures indicate that the CWS reduced rather than increased her mean F0, F0 range, jitter, and shimmer only for high vowels /i u/ during the control task compared to stressful task. Conclusions Overall, these pilot findings support the need for further study of vocal acoustic and psychophysiological measures of emotion from CWS as well as children who do not stutter.

Heart rate variability in the healthy school-age children

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. e14
Author(s):  
E. Cainelli ◽  
L. Vedovelli ◽  
M. Bolzon ◽  
L. Santangelo ◽  
A. Suppiej
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age

Sex differences in the estimated intelligence of school children

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Salima Budhani
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
School Children ◽  
Comprehensive School ◽  
Multiple Intelligence ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Male Superiority

This study investigated sex differences in estimated general and multiple intelligence in school children, their parents, and their teachers. There were three groups of participants: 285 (149 female, 136 male) pupils of a mixed government‐run comprehensive school, between the ages of 13 and 16 years; 93 mothers and 58 fathers of the pupils; and five female and eight male teachers. Children estimated their own and their parents' IQ, whilst the parents estimated their own and their children's IQ; the teachers estimated only the children's intelligence. The aims of this study were firstly to assess whether perceptions of male intellectual superiority were observable in school age children and school teachers, and to make direct comparisons between the children's self‐estimations and those of the parents and the teachers. Secondly, this study aimed to replicate previous literature on adult self‐estimations of overall and multiple intelligences, and to compare these to estimations by children of these adults (their parents). Fewer sex differences were observed than expected. Teachers' estimations did not follow conceptions of male superiority. The patterns of sex differences in mother and teacher estimations of children were similar to each other, as were those of fathers and children. Verbal and numerical abilities were found to be most closely related to estimations of overall IQ in all three groups. Most striking was the lack of correlation between father and daughter estimations of each other. Reasons why this study failed to replicate findings on adult samples are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals BLOOD PRESSURE IN SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN DEPENDING ON CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

2016 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Nechytailo ◽  
Yu. N. Nechytailo ◽  
N. I. Kovtyuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitor ◽  
Pressure Monitor

Objective: to assess the 24 hours fluctuations of blood pressure in school age children by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Material and methods. 45 children of school age were examined. Daily blood pressure monitoring was performed in the hospital using the device Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor Holter ABPM50. Results. Among the surveyed children normal circadian index had only two patients (1.28 and 1.32 i.u.). The remaining patients had rigid circadian rate (less than 1.2 i.u.), which may indicate the presence of vegetopathology and violation of both afferent and efferent chains of vagosympatic regulation of heart rate, the phenomenon of «denervated» heart

The effects of additional cognitive and motor tasks on static and dynamic balance in school-age children

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2090
Author(s):  
Ani Polat ◽  
Deniz Cengiz ◽  
Hatice Cimen ◽  
Elif Tezcan ◽  
Ceren Tombuloglu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Motor Tasks

Sex differences in the neurodevelopment of school-age children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Michaeleen Cradock ◽  
Kristen E. Gray ◽  
Kathleen A. Kapp-Simon ◽  
Brent R. Collett ◽  
Lauren A. Buono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Single Suture
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