Strong conceptual ability reduces the effect of lexical impairments on verb retrieval in aphasia

Verb-retrieval impairments are pervasive deficits that can negatively impact communicative function for individuals living with aphasia. Unfortunately, the neurocognitive basis of these deficits remains poorly understood. One open question is the degree to which verb-retrieval impairments might be rooted in lexical- versus conceptual-processing deficits. These deficits can be co-present and correlated in people with aphasia, but they have also been found to be dissociated in patients with a variety of acquired brain injuries. This study examined the degree to which conceptual versus lexical action-processing abilities are impaired and may contribute to verb-retrieval impairments in adults with chronic aphasia due to left-hemisphere stroke. The results indicate that conceptual action processing can be impaired in aphasia and may contribute to verb-retrieval impairments. Furthermore, relatively unimpaired conceptual processing can ameliorate the influence of lexical impairments on verb-retrieval impairments. These findings are consistent with models in which conceptual representations play a key role in language processing and may be leveraged to improve verb retrieval in adults with chronic aphasia.

Shorter P1m Response in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disabilities

(1) Background: Atypical auditory perception has been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered auditory evoked brain responses are also associated with childhood ASD. They are likely to be associated with atypical brain maturation. (2) Methods: This study examined children aged 5–8 years old: 29 with ASD but no intellectual disability and 46 age-matched typically developed (TD) control participants. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data obtained while participants listened passively to sinusoidal pure tones, bilateral auditory cortical response (P1m) was examined. (3) Results: Significantly shorter P1m latency in the left hemisphere was found for children with ASD without intellectual disabilities than for children with TD. Significant correlation between P1m latency and language conceptual ability was found in children with ASD, but not in children with TD. (4) Conclusions: These findings demonstrated atypical brain maturation in the auditory processing area in children with ASD without intellectual disability. Findings also suggest that ASD has a common neural basis for pure-tone sound processing and language development. Development of brain networks involved in language concepts in early childhood ASD might differ from that in children with TD.

A Study on Problems and Challenges of Rural Entrepreneurs in India

India is a nation of village Rural entrepreneurship is given good contribution and major opportunity and to develop for the people with necessarily migrate from rural areas or semi-urban areas to urban areas. It is also a fact on the contrary that the majority of rural entrepreneurs are facing many problems due to non availability of primary amenities in rural areas especially in developing countries like India. Financial problems, Lack of education, insufficient technical and conceptual ability at present it is too difficult for the rural entrepreneurs to establish industries in rural areas. Certainly the economic development of our country largely depends on the development of rural areas and also the standard of living in its rural mass. For the economic development of a country and of regions within the country rural entrepreneur is surely one of the most important inputs.

Ethics without theory? On advantages of the Pyrrhonian over the dogmatic way of life.

The paper discusses two interrelated problems pertaining to the Pyrrhonian way of life. We try to rise to the challenge and play devil’s advocate, arguing from the skeptical point of view. The first part portrays a reconstruction of central skeptical arguments against the dogmatic ethics that attack some epistemological, metaphysical and ethical issues of the central dogmatic concept “the good by nature”. The second part considers the arguments suggested by G. Striker and R. Bett who claim that the sceptic cannot have ethics nor be an ethical agent. Against it, we try to formulate minimal conditions for ethics without theory, namely, the conceptual ability to distinguish between “right” and “wrong” actions grounded upon the notion of “private good” and the skeptical criteria for actions. This is made possible by relativizing the criteria of the ethical and connecting it with the customs and traditions of a given community. Though Pyrrhonism is quite different from ethical relativism or ethical realism, a striking comparison to H. Putnam’s ethical approach is drawn at the end of the paper.

Actuality bias in verb learning: The case of sublexically modal transfer verbs

The study investigates semantic development of sublexically modal verbs of transfer, throw and send, in English-speaking children. For adults, sublexical modality of these verbs can be seen in the fact that the subevent of transfer of the object to the recipient need not take place in the actual world, e.g. Mary sent/threw a book to John does not entail a successful transfer of the book to John. Yet in two experiments (Experiment 1: 3–4 year-olds, N = 59; Experiment 2: 3–6 year olds, N = 120) young English-speaking children often misinterpreted Mary sent a book to John as entailing successful transfer. We show that such non-adultlike interpretations were present despite the children’s conceptual ability to entertain possible worlds. We propose that children may initially construct verb meanings on the basis of actual events, and later adjust them to include a modal component.

314 - Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Dementia

Introduction:Identifying effective treatments is a critical issue for Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). The pathological amyloid deposits of AD result in disruption of the balance between long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of neuronal cells and synaptic plasticity. Brain stimulation in dementia research, especially with relatively safe tDCS, has been taken seriously recently. In theory, tDCS affects long-term synaptic plasticity through LTP and LTD, thereby improving cognitive ability. Recently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS in AD and concluded a positive therapeutic effect. Currently, there are no studies of tDCS for AD in Taiwan. In this study, we investigate the effects of tDCS in AD.Method:Using a double-blind, randomized and sham- controlled trial design, Sixteen AD aged 55-90 years (8 active, mean age 73.88 and 8 sham, mean age 74.75) were included in the study. AD diagnostics is according to DSM-5 criteria. The CDR ratings of AD participants ranged from 0.5 to 2. All subjects completed ten consecutive daily sessions in which they received either an active or a sham tDCS over the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (anodal) and a cathodal electrode on the right supraorbital area. In each session, we applied a current intensity of 2 mA and an electrode size of 35 cm2 for 30 min in the active group. All subjects received a series of neuropsychological tests, which included CDR, MMSE, CASI and WCST, before and after these treatment sessions on the first day and 4 weeks later. Chi- square test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the differences in participant demographic characteristics and to compare the differences among groups.Results:The active group showed significant improvement in total correct item, Conceptual level Responses (reflecting insight into the correct sorting principles), Categories Completed (reflecting overall success), and Trials to complete first categories (reflecting initial conceptual ability) of WCST 4 weeks later after the final stimulation. There were no statistically significant differences between before and after the 10-session course for the sham group.Conclusion:tDCS stimulation improves cognitive operation and Conceptual Ability of AD.

Learning Activeness Affects the Ability to Understand Students' Mathematical Concepts Using Discovery Learning Model

Learning activeness is a provision that must be possessed by every student in learning mathematics because active learning affects the conceptual ability of students. The problem that was found by the researcher during the observation time was the low student learning activeness so that the students' ability to understand concepts was still low in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study was to analyze how much influence active learning has on the ability to understand mathematical concepts using discovery learning models. This research is a quantitative experiment with the one-shot case study design type. The sample in this study were 40 students of grade V SD. Data collection techniques consisted of a written test of the ability to understand concepts and observation of learning activeness. The data analysis technique in this study includes a simple linear regression test. Based on the research results, it shows that learning activeness has a positive and significant effect of 69.8% on the ability to understand mathematical concepts using discovery learning models. This means that if the higher the student's learning activeness, the higher the results of understanding the students' mathematical concepts.

ANALISIS DAMPAK STRES AKADEMIK MAHASISWA DALAM PENYELESAIAN TUGAS AKHIR ( SKRIPSI ) ( STUDI PADA MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN UIN SULTAN SYARIF KASIM RIAU DAN UNIVERISTAS INTERNASIONAL BATAM KEPULAUAN RIAU )

This research is located in the Management Study Program located in Pekanbaru and the Management Study Program Batam International University. The research began in June to December 2017, this research is motivated that students experience stress as demands of academic life that must be undertaken, including activities outside academic activities including socializing and adjust to fellow students who have different characteristics and backgrounds, these conditions become stressors for students when completing the final project / thesis. The conclusion in this study from the Analysis of Researchers Internal Factors which tends to cause Academic Stress Management Study Program UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and Batam International University Management Study Program namely Internal Factors such as: Ability and Intelligence are not well developed such as Visual Ability, Verbal Ability and Ability Numerical and Conceptual Ability While External Factors which tend to cause Academic Stress Students of Management Study Program of UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau and Batam International University Management Study Program, namely External Factors such as: Procedure System for submission of Thesis Title Proposals is considered difficult for students because they have to pass the Originality and Majority Study Program of Syarif Kasim Riau Study Program and Batam International University Management Study Program. Student Work. Suggestions Students should apply "Problem focused coping" more focused on solving the problem, Students should be able to Emotion-focused coping more focused on controlling emotional responses, Of course the most important thing is to increase Spiritual Questions (Faith and Taqwa) To Allah SWT.

Work Ability Index (WAI): A Comparison between High School and Vocational School Graduates in the Modern Machinery Industry

This study aims to understand the presence or absence of work skills between high school and vocational school in the modern machinery industry and to know the workforce in the modern machinery industry can also help high school workers. This research method is a quantitative study with interviews with workers in companies in the Banten region, after data collection has been processed using different tests with the SPSS program. The analysis test uses the normality test and the different test uses the Mann Whitney U Test. The results showed the technical competence difference between High School and Vocational School, while Conceptual Ability and Social Ability had no difference between the High School and Vocational School workforce in the modern machinery industry. The workforce collected by high schools wins workers in the manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. The next discussion is discussed in this article.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Alat Peraga Timbangan Bilangan Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Perkalian di Kelas II SD Islam Al Azhar 15 Pamulang

This study aims to know the use of numerical weighing tools against the suspension of mathematics concepts of students of class II Islamic El Al Azhar 15 Pamulang on multiplication materials. The numerical weighing tool is a semi-concrete tool or a machine that is working on an operation task. This research was conducted in the second grade of Al Azhar Islamic Elementary School 15 Pamulang. The method used in this research is quasi experimental method with The Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design research design. The sample in this study consisted of an experimental class using 26 students and a control class directed by 26 students. Instrumen is used in this reseach such us mathematical conceptual ability written essay test. The results showed that the students used by using the instrument of numerical scales using the average ability to comprehend the concept of mathematics students is higher than the average ability to understand the concept of mathematics students who are taught without using the means of weighing the scale of the value of significance 0,001 0.05. Based on result of effect (effect size) obtained d value equal to 0,819. The value of the effect of the size obtained interprets that the use of numerical weights of numerals has a high category. Thus, this shows that there is an influence of the use of numerical weighing tools on the ability to understand the concept of mathematics students in class II Islamic Elementary School Al Azhar 15 Pamulang.