scholarly journals Healthy Communication Partners Modify Their Speech When Conversing With Individuals With Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nichola Lubold ◽  
Megan M. Willi ◽  
Stephanie A. Borrie ◽  
Tyson S. Barrett ◽  
Visar Berisha
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Speech Behaviors ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Communicative Efficiency ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Work

Purpose For individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), conversational interactions can be challenging. Efforts to improve the success of these interactions have largely fallen on the individual with PD. Successful communication, however, involves contributions from both the individual with PD and their communication partner. The current study examines whether healthy communication partners naturally engage in different acoustic–prosodic behavior (speech compensations) when conversing with an individual with PD and, further, whether such behavior aids communication success. Method Measures of articulatory precision, speaking rate, and pitch variability were extracted from the speech of healthy speakers engaged in goal-directed dialogue with other healthy speakers (healthy–healthy dyads) and with individuals with PD (healthy–PD dyads). Speech compensations, operationally defined as significant differences in healthy speakers' acoustic–prosodic behavior in healthy–healthy dyads versus healthy–PD dyads, were calculated for the three speech behaviors. Finally, the relationships between speech behaviors and an objective measure of communicative efficiency were examined. Results Healthy speakers engaged in speech characterized by greater articulatory precision and slower speaking rate when conversing with individuals with PD relative to conversations with other healthy individuals. However, these adaptive speech compensations were not predictive of communicative efficiency. Conclusions Evidence that healthy speakers naturally engage in speech compensations when conversing with individuals with PD is novel, yet consistent with findings from studies with other populations in which conversation can be challenging. In the case of PD, these compensatory behaviors did not support communication outcomes. While preliminary in nature, the results raise important questions regarding the speech behavior of healthy communication partners and provide directions for future work.

scholarly journals Levodopa improves handwriting and instrumental tasks in previously treated patients with Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376
Author(s):  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Ali Harati
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Previously Treated Patients ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease may be determined with instrumental tests and rating procedures. Their outcomes reflect the functioning and the impairment of the individual patient when patients are tested off and on dopamine substituting drugs. Objectives were to investigate whether the execution speed of a handwriting task, instrumentally assessed fine motor behavior, and rating scores improve after soluble levodopa application. 38 right-handed patients were taken off their regular drug therapy for at least 12 h before scoring, handwriting, and performance of instrumental devices before and 1 h after 100 mg levodopa intake. The outcomes of all performed procedures improved. The easy-to-perform handwriting task and the instrumental tests demand for fast and precise execution of movement sequences with considerable cognitive load in the domains' attention and concentration. These investigations may serve as additional tools for the testing of the dopaminergic response.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Levels in Patients with Friedreich's and other Ataxias

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Morgan ◽  
G. Naglie ◽  
D.F. Horrobin ◽  
A. Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Friedreich’S Ataxia ◽  
Friedreich's Ataxia ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin ◽  
The Individual

SummaryOf 13 patients with Fried-reich's ataxia (Type la) and 17 with type Ila recessive ataxias, all were found to have levels of “free erythrocyte protoporphyrin “ (FEP) above the normal range. The rise in FEP in Friedreich's ataxia correlated well with the age of the individual and thus appears to be related to the course of the disease. Subjects with olivo-ponto-cerebel-lar atrophy, Charlevoix syndrome, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease were also found to have significantly elevated FEP, although the distribution overlapped with the normal range.The finding of elevated FEP may indicate a relative heme deficiency in ataxia due to inhibition offerrochelatase leading to a state of ineffective, persistent erythropoiesis. The possibility of a prosta-glandin abnormality being related to this defect and to the pathogenesis of ataxia is considered.

scholarly journals Overconfidence in visual perception in Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Halperin ◽  
Roie Karni ◽  
Simon Israeli-Korn ◽  
Sharon Hassin-Baer ◽  
Adam Zaidel
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
The Right ◽  
Future Work

AbstractBackgroundIncreased dependence on visual cues in Parkinson’s disease (PD) can unbalance the perception-action loop, impair multisensory integration, and affect everyday function of PD patients. It is currently unknown why PD patients seem to be more reliant on their visual cues.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that PD patients may be overconfident in the reliability (precision) of their visual cues. In this study we tested coherent visual motion perception in PD, and probed subjective (self-reported) confidence in their visual motion perception.Methods20 patients with idiopathic PD, 21 healthy aged-matched controls and 20 healthy young adult participants were presented with visual stimuli of moving dots (random dot kinematograms). They were asked to report: (1) whether the aggregate motion of dots was to the left or to the right, and (2) how confident they were that their perceptual discrimination was correct.ResultsVisual motion discrimination thresholds were similar (unimpaired) in PD compared to the other groups. By contrast, PD patients were significantly overconfident in their visual perceptual decisions (p=0.002 and p<0.001 vs. the age-matched and young adult groups, respectively).ConclusionsThese results suggest intact visual motion perception, but overestimation of visual cue reliability, in PD. Overconfidence in visual (vs. other, e.g., somatosensory) cues could underlie accounts of increased visual dependence and impaired multisensory integration in PD, and could contribute to gait and balance impairments. Future work should investigate PD confidence in somatosensory function. A better understanding of altered sensory reliance in PD might open up new avenues to treat debilitating symptoms.

Patient narratives of hope in stem cell technologies: Trust in biomedicine and the body’s natural ability to heal itself

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932110468
Author(s):  
Lindsay J DePalma ◽  
Lauren D Olsen ◽  
John H Evans
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Patient Narratives ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Complex Building ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

The scholarship on patient hope in biomedical technologies describes two narratives of hope: the biomedical and the individual. The biomedical narrative represents patients’ beliefs that the institution of science will eventually produce treatment for their disease, whereas the individual narrative represents patients’ beliefs that they can alter their prognosis through affective and behavioral modifications. The distinct analytical categories of “biomedical” and “individual,” however, fail to account for the fact that patient hope has been found to be much more complex. Building upon extant literature, we contribute to the understanding of the complexity of patient hope in biomedical technologies by examining a case that highlights interdependencies between the biomedical and individual narratives: hope in stem cell technologies (SCTs). We draw upon interviews with patients with Parkinson’s Disease, and find two narratives of hope: a biomedical narrative, as captured above, and an additional hybrid narrative, which we call a nature narrative. The nature narrative reflects patients’ beliefs that scientists will eventually create SCTs that will allow their individual body to naturally heal itself, which combines a biomedical and an individual narrative.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nucleotide Variations in Genes of Iron Management in Patients of Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emanuela Castiglioni ◽  
Dario Finazzi ◽  
Stefano Goldwurm ◽  
Gianni Pezzoli ◽  
Gianluca Forni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Electron Donor And Acceptor ◽  
The Individual

The capacity to act as an electron donor and acceptor makes iron an essential cofactor of many vital processes. Its balance in the body has to be tightly regulated since its excess can be harmful by favouring oxidative damage, while its deficiency can impair fundamental activities like erythropoiesis. In the brain, an accumulation of iron or an increase in its availability has been associated with the development and/or progression of different degenerative processes, including Parkinson's disease, while iron paucity seems to be associated with cognitive deficits, motor dysfunction, and restless legs syndrome. In the search of DNA sequence variations affecting the individual predisposition to develop movement disorders, we scanned by DHPLC the exons and intronic boundary regions of ceruloplasmin, iron regulatory protein 2, hemopexin, hepcidin and hemojuvelin genes in cohorts of subjects affected by Parkinson's disease and idiopathic neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Both novel and known sequence variations were identified in most of the genes, but none of them seemed to be significantly associated to the movement diseases of interest.

scholarly journals The Burden of Parkinson's Disease on Society, Family, and the Individual

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein ◽  
Frank Sloan ◽  
Elizabeth Kulas ◽  
Toni Cutson ◽  
Margaret Schenkman
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (S1) ◽  
pp. S27-S33 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Wayne Martin ◽  
Marguerite Wieler
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
The Individual

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that demands a holistic approach to treatment. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions play an important role in the comprehensive management of this disorder. While levodopa remains the single most effective medication for symptomatic treatment, dopamine agonists are playing an increasingly important role. Motor complications of dopaminergic therapy are a significant issue, particularly in patients with more advanced disease who have been on levodopa for several years. All therapeutic interventions must be tailored to the individual and modified as the disease progresses, with the goal of minimizing significant functional disability as much as possible.

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