A Cinefluorographic Investigation of Repeated Fluent Productions of Stutterers in an Adaptation Procedure

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald N. Zimmermann ◽  
J. M. Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Repeated Readings ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Tonic Muscle ◽  
Adaptation Procedure ◽  
Target Words

Cinefluorography was used to study three stutterers and two nonstutterers repeating a passage made up of monosyllables. CVC target words of the form/cæt/were embedded in the passage and were analyzed to determine the effects of repeating the passage on velocities, displacements, and durations of movements of the tongue, jaw, and lower lip. Coordination among the articulators was also assessed. The investigation was undertaken to test the hypothesis that decreases in velocities and displacements, increased movement durations, and decreased latency between the onsets of jaw movements and of tongue tip movements would be associated with the repeated readings. The hypothesis was not supported by the results. A post hoe analysis showed that a decrease in the variability, of instantaneous velocities (and by inference a decrease in variation in muscle stiffness) was associated with practice for the three stutterers but not for the nonstutterers. Inferences about the adaptation effect are made related (a} to the stabilization of tonic muscle activity which may be associated with a decrease in arousal, and (b) to the, effects of practice.

Labial and Mandibular Dynamics during the Production of Bilabial Consonants: Preliminary Observations

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey M. Sussman ◽  
Peter F. MacNeilage ◽  
Robert J. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Temporal Sequencing ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
Nasal Consonant ◽  
Intramuscular Electromyography ◽  
Preliminary Description

Simultaneous recordings of upper lip, lower lip, and jaw movements concomitant with intramuscular electromyography were obtained from five subjects during the production of VCV tokens where V = /i/, /ε/, and /æ/ and C = /p/, /b/, and /m/. The temporal sequencing of muscle activity from major elevators and depressors of the lips and jaw was determined and incorporated into a preliminary description of the motor control of the bilabial gesture. Magnitudes of articulator displacement and velocity and electromyographic data revealed a trend among the bilabial consonants so that the voiceless stop /p/ was produced with the highest level of preocclusion activity, and the nasal consonant /m/, with the highest level of postocclusion activity. Production of the three stop cognates involved a complementary contribution of aerodynamic and neuromuscular forces in the achievement of the necessary upper articulatory maneuvers. A left-to-right coarticulation effect for jaw depression whereby the EMG level related to V 2 was reduced as V 1 lowered was shown to span the medial stop consonant. A right-to-left coarticulation effect was observed in one speaker whereby jaw elevation was inversely related to the openness of V 2 . Such an anticipatory maneuver was contradictory to more immediate phonetic goals and necessitated neuromuscular compensatory adjustments of the lower lip.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Reducing the Effect of Tonic Muscle Activity on the Gamma Band of the Scalp EEG

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith F. Nottage ◽  
Paul D. Morrison ◽  
Steve C. R. Williams ◽  
Dominic H. ffytche
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Tonic Muscle ◽  
Novel Method

EMG Feedback and Recovery of Facial and Speech Gestures Following Neural Anastomosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billie Daniel ◽  
Barry Guitar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Feedback Training ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lifting Task

A case report is presented of an attempt to increase muscle activity during non-speech and speech activities through surface electromyographic feedback. The subject, a 25-year-old male, had a surgical anastomosis of the seventh cranial to the twelfth cranial nerve five years prior to the initiation of this therapy. The right side of the face was immobile. Frequency analogs of muscle action potentials from the right lower lip during pressing, retraction, eversion, and speech were presented to the subject. His task was to increase the frequency of the tone thereby increasing muscle activity. The subject made substantial improvement in the gestures listed above. Electrodes also were placed in various infraorbital positions for an upper lip lifting task. This gesture was unimproved. Pre- and posttherapy independence of facial gestures from conscious tongue contraction was found. Possible explanations were proposed for (1) increases of muscle activity in the lower lip, (2) lack of change of MAPs in the upper lip, (3) independence of the facial muscle activity from conscious tongue contraction, and (4) effectiveness of this feedback training.

A Comparison of Methods for Decoupling Tongue and Lower Lip From Jaw Movements in 3D Articulography

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Neto Henriques ◽  
Pascal van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Electromagnetic Articulography ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Rotation Method ◽  
Single Sensor

Purpose One popular method to study the motion of oral articulators is 3D electromagnetic articulography. For many studies, it is important to use an algorithm to decouple the motion of the tongue and the lower lip from the motion of the mandible. In this article, the authors describe and compare 4 methods for decoupling jaw motion by using 3D tongue and lower lip data. Method A 3D position estimation method (3DPE), an adapted version of the estimated rotation method (ERM) proposed by Westbury, Lindstrom, and McClean (2002) for 3D recordings, a linear subtraction method, and a new method called Jaw and Oral Analysis (JOANA) were evaluated with data recorded from sensors attached to the lower molars, lower lip, and tongue. Results The 3DPE method showed the fewest errors. However, unlike the other methods, it requires more than one sensor attached to the lower jaw. Among the single-sensor methods, JOANA was found to be the most comparable to 3DPE. Conclusion The findings suggest that JOANA is efficient in decoupling tongue and lower lip motion from jaw motion, whereas ERM, with its less complicated procedure for attaching the lower jaw incisor sensor, can be considered a viable alternative.

Association of Orofacial Muscle Activity and Movement During Changes in Speech Rate and Intensity

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. McClean ◽  
Stephen M. Tasko
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Midsagittal Plane ◽  
Electromagnetic System ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Neural Input ◽  
Movement Distance

Understanding how orofacial muscle activity and movement covary across changes in speech rate and intensity has implications for the neural control of speech production and the use of clinical procedures that manipulate speech prosody. The present study involved a correlation analysis relating average lower-lip and jaw-muscle activity to lip and jaw movement distance, speed, and duration. Recordings were obtained on orofacial movement, muscle activity, and the acoustic signal in 3 normal speakers as they repeated a simple test utterance with targeted speech rates varying from 60% to 160% of their habitual rate and at targeted vocal intensities of –6 dB and +6 dB relative to their habitual intensity. Surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings were obtained with electrodes positioned to sample primarily the mentalis, depressor labii inferior, anterior belly of the digastric, and masseter muscles. Two-dimensional displacements of the lower lip and jaw in the midsagittal plane were recorded with an electromagnetic system. All participants produced linear changes in percent utterance duration relative to the auditory targets for speech rate variation. Intensity variations ranged from –10 dB to +8 dB. Average EMG levels for all 4 muscles were well correlated with specific parameters of movement. Across the intensity conditions, EMG level was positively correlated with movement speed and distance in all participants. Across the rate conditions, EMG level was negatively correlated with movement duration in all participants, while greater interparticipant variability was noted for correlations relating EMG to speed and distance. For intensity control, it is suggested that converging neural input to orofacial motoneurons varies monotonically with movement distance and speed. In contrast, rate control appears to be more strongly related to the temporal characteristics of neural input than activation level.

O0023 Phasic and tonic muscle activity during REM sleep in RBD

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. S54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mayer ◽  
E. Leonhardt ◽  
K. Kesper ◽  
T. Penzel ◽  
T. Ploch
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Tonic Muscle

scholarly journals The Anticipation of Gravity in Human Ballistic Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Waldvogel ◽  
Ramona Ritzmann ◽  
Kathrin Freyler ◽  
Michael Helm ◽  
Elena Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
And Performance

Stretch-shortening type actions are characterized by lengthening of the pre-activated muscle-tendon unit (MTU) in the eccentric phase immediately followed by muscle shortening. Under 1 g, pre-activity before and muscle activity after ground contact, scale muscle stiffness, which is crucial for the recoil properties of the MTU in the subsequent push-off. This study aimed to examine the neuro-mechanical coupling of the stretch-shortening cycle in response to gravity levels ranging from 0.1 to 2 g. During parabolic flights, 17 subjects performed drop jumps while electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis, 2D kinematics and kinetics to depict changes in energy management and performance. Neuro-mechanical coupling in 1 g was characterized by high magnitudes of pre-activity and eccentric muscle activity allowing an isometric muscle behavior during ground contact. EMG during pre-activity and the concentric phase systematically increased from 0.1 to 1 g. Below 1 g the EMG in the eccentric phase was diminished, leading to muscle lengthening and reduced MTU stretches. Kinetic energy at take-off and performance were decreased compared to 1 g. Above 1 g, reduced EMG in the eccentric phase was accompanied by large MTU and muscle stretch, increased joint flexion amplitudes, energy loss and reduced performance. The energy outcome function established by linear mixed model reveals that the central nervous system regulates the extensor muscles phase- and load-specifically. In conclusion, neuro-mechanical coupling appears to be optimized in 1 g. Below 1 g, the energy outcome is compromised by reduced muscle stiffness. Above 1 g, loading progressively induces muscle lengthening, thus facilitating energy dissipation.

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