Comparison of Pure-Tone Audibility Thresholds Obtained with Audiological and Two-Interval Forced-Choice Procedures

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Marshall ◽  
Walt Jesteadt
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Adaptive Procedure ◽  
Clinical Procedure ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Choice Procedures ◽  
Adaptive Thresholds ◽  
The Difference

Audibility thresholds were measured at 500 and 4000 Hz with a standard clinical procedure and a two-interval, forced-choice (2IFC) adaptive procedure for 72 normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners, age 17 to 83. Psychometric functions were obtained for clinical, 2IFC, and Yes-No procedures. A measure of response bias was obtained from the Yes-No procedure. The 2IFC adaptive thresholds were 6.5 dB lower than audiological thresholds. The psychometric functions for the forced?choice procedures were generally shallower than those for the clinical procedure and were shifted to lower sound pressure levels. Response bias played a small role at best in accounting for the magnitude of the difference in threshold estimated by the adaptive and clinical procedures or for the differences among the psychometric functions.

scholarly journals Bias and sensitivity in two-interval forced choice procedures: Tests of the difference model

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (17) ◽  
pp. 1837-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaffa Yeshurun ◽  
Marisa Carrasco ◽  
Laurence T. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Choice Procedures ◽  
The Difference

Acceptable Levels of Tonal and Broad-Band Repetitive and Continuous Sounds during the Performance of Nonauditory Tasks

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Landström ◽  
Anders Kjellberg ◽  
Marianne Byström
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Reasoning Test ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reaction Time Test

Three groups of 24 subjects were exposed to a 1000–Hz tone or broad band noise in a sound chamber. During the exposures subjects were engaged in an easy reaction time test or a difficult grammatical reasoning test. For each exposure and work subjects adjusted the noise to a tolerance level defined by its interference with task performance. During the simple reaction-time task significantly higher sound-pressure levels were accepted than during the reasoning test. At the tonal exposure, much lower levels were accepted than during the exposure to broad-band noise. For continuous sound exposures much higher levels were accepted than for noncontinuous exposures. For tonal exposures the difference was approximately 5 dB, for the broad-band exposures approximately 9 dB. In a separate study the effects of the noncontinuity of the noise and pauses were analysed. The raised annoying effect of the noncontinuous noise was not more affected by the noncontinuity of the noise periods than by the noncontinuity of the pauses. The results imply that the annoying reactions to the sound will be increased for repetitive noise and that the reaction is highly influenced by the over-all noncontinuity of the exposure.

scholarly journals Pre-print #3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Samuel Schwarzkopf ◽  
Nonie J Finlayson ◽  
Benjamin de Haas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Perceptual Factors

Perceptual bias is inherent to all our senses, particularly in the form of visual illusionsand aftereffects. However, many experiments measuring perceptual biases may besusceptible to non-perceptual factors, such as response bias and decision criteria. Here wequantify how robust Multiple Alternative Perceptual Search (MAPS) is for disentanglingestimates of perceptual biases from these confounding factors. First our results show thatwhile there are considerable response biases in our four-alternative forced choice design,these are unrelated to perceptual biases estimates, and these response biases are notproduced by the response modality (keyboard versus mouse). We also show that perceptualbias estimates are reduced when feedback is given on each trial, likely due to feedbackenabling observers to partially (and actively) correct for perceptual biases. However, thisdoes not impact the reliability with which MAPS detects the presence of perceptual biases.Finally, our results show that MAPS can detect actual perceptual biases and is not adecisional bias towards choosing the target in the middle of the candidate stimulusdistribution. In summary, researchers conducting a MAPS experiment should use a constantreference stimulus, but consider varying the mean of the candidate distribution. Ideally,they should not employ trial-wise feedback if the magnitude of perceptual biases is ofinterest.

scholarly journals The Effect of Frequency Acoustic Stimulation Sound on Intrauterine Weakening of Pregnant Sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Djamil Suherman ◽  
Hermanto Tri Joewono ◽  
I Komang Wiarsa Sardjana
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Sound Frequency ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Sound Pressure ◽  
Veterinary Faculty

Research to determine changes in intrauterine sound pressure in pregnant sheep after administration acoustic stimulation outside of the abdominal wall at some frequency sounds. The study was conducted at the Animal Hospital of Veterinary Faculty of Airlangga University. Pre test experimental design with pre- and post-test one group to assess intra-uterine sound pressure changes. The study was conducted at two lambs pregnant aterm after acoustic stimulation at a distance of 10 cm from the surface of the abdominal wall to the sound pressure 80,85,90,95 and 100 decibels and sound frequency of 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 hertz. The results showed that the difference between the sound pressure outside of the abdominal wall with intrauterine sound pressure on both the pregnant sheep by an average of 16.7570 ± 8.0797 decibels. This shows their weakening sound after passing through the abdominal wall and the uterine wall. By using a paired t-test, this weakening statistically significant. At frequencies from 31.5 to 1000 hertz weakening values from 5.2 to 17.1 decibels while in 2000-8000 hertz frequency weakening value of 20.2 to 30.8 decibels. The conclusion that the stimulation of noise from outside the walls of the abdomen weakening sound after penetrating the abdominal wall and the uterine wall. Weakening occur at every level of sound pressure and at every level of a given frequency. Weakening value becomes greater at frequencies above 1000 hertz.                                                                                                       Keywords: weakening, sound pressure, sound frequency, pregnant sheep.

Performance evaluation on three-forced choice pure tone audiometry in open space environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. A142-A143
Author(s):  
Dhany Arifianto ◽  
Fiqiyah U. Azmi ◽  
Naomi Ashilah ◽  
Bagus A. Herlambang ◽  
Nyilo Purnami
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Space Environment

Self-Administered Field Surveys on Sensitive Topics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew Nanes ◽  
Dotan Haim
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Sensitive Question ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
A Priority

Abstract Research on sensitive topics uses a variety of methods to combat response bias on in-person surveys. Increasingly, researchers allow respondents to self-administer responses using electronic devices as an alternative to more complicated experimental approaches. Using an experiment embedded in a survey in the rural Philippines, we test the effects of several such methods on response rates and falsification. We asked respondents a sensitive question about reporting insurgents to the police alongside a nonsensitive question about school completion. We randomly assigned respondents to answer these questions either verbally, through a “forced choice” experiment, or through self-enumeration. We find that self-enumeration significantly reduced nonresponse compared to direct questioning, but find little evidence of differential rates of falsification. Forced choice yielded highly unlikely estimates, which we attribute to nonstrategic falsification. These results suggest that self-administered surveys can be effective for measuring sensitive topics on surveys when response rates are a priority.

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