Factors influencing tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature embryos in turf-type tall fescue

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bai ◽  
R. Qu
PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11849
Author(s):  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Guoquan Liu ◽  
Ruirui Meng ◽  
Yanlong Liu ◽  
...  

Significant progress has been made on sorghum transformation in the last decades; however, the transformation process has been constrained by the availability of immature embryos because most of the researchers have utilized immature embryos as favorable explants. Although immature embryos have been proven to be optimal for tissue culture and transformation, isolation of immature embryos is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and limited by warm weather. In this study, we developed an efficient genetic transformation system using mature seeds as explants. The nptII and gus gene, used as the selective marker and report gene respectively, have been co-transformed by particle bombardment. After optimization of tissue culture, the G418 concentration, and transgenic, the average transformation frequency at 13.33% was achieved routinely. The transgenic events and transgene copy numbers were determined by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. The geneticin selection and GUS staining on T1 seedlings confirmed that the transgenic plants were heritable. Our results demonstrated that the efficient sorghum transformation system has been established using mature seeds as explants. This transformation system will promote sorghum research on genetic engineering and genome editing without seasonal weather conditions restriction and explant resources restriction.


Author(s):  
A.G. Scott ◽  
D.W.R. White

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids


2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Chen ◽  
Yu-Xia Lou ◽  
Shui-Liang Guo ◽  
Tong Cao

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Luckett ◽  
D Rose ◽  
E Knights

Intact immature embryos of barley (cv. Golden Promise) and component tissues (the scutellum and embryonic axis) were cultured to produce callus. Regenerant plants were obtained from this callus and SC2 families raised. These families were examined in a field trial to search for somaclonal variation. No obvious variants were found confirming our previous unpublished results. The lack of somaclonal variation generated by barley tissue culture (which is in contrast to other species) was not a result of the tissue origin of the regeneration event.


Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karp ◽  
S. H. Steele ◽  
S. Parmar ◽  
M. G. K. Jones ◽  
P. R. Shewry ◽  
...  

Relative genetic stability was observed among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Regenerated plants were studied cytologically and their seed progenies assayed for (i) the isoenzymes esterase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, (ii) ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphism, and (iii) hordein patterns on SDS–PAGE. Of 42 regenerated plants, 1 regenerant had abnormal meiosis and the same plant produced one seed with a variant hordein pattern. These findings are discussed in relation to the factors affecting somaclonal variation in cereals and to methods of assaying the variation. Key words: barley, isozymes, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.


Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan

Tissue culture can induce changes in chromosome structure and number in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The type and frequency of such changes were evaluated in primary regenerants extracted from calli of four immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat cultured for various durations. Meiotic analyses of samples from 18 or 19 primary regenerants from a single embryo cultured for 6, 10, or 14 weeks detected chromosomal changes in 17–20% of the samples. Analyses of 20 duplicate samples from these plants indicated that 7 (35%) plants were chimeras. Similar analyses for nine duplicate samples from plants extracted from an embryo cultured for 18 weeks failed to detect any chimeras, but meiotic abnormalities were much more frequent, with about one-half of the 46 plants sampled showing chromosomal structural changes; translocations were the most common abnormality. Plants regenerated from this embryo also were characterized by an abnormal chromosome, believed to contain a deletion, that was not considered to have been induced by tissue culture.Key words: tissue culture, meiotic abnormalities, Triticum aestivum, aneuploidy, translocations, chimeras.


1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Walmsley ◽  
RJ Henry ◽  
RG Birch

Eight Australian barley cultivars were tested for efficiency of embryonic callus initiation and plant regeneration, from immature embryo explants in tissue culture. Optimisation of tissue culture conditions was performed for cultivars Bandulla, Clipper, Schooner and Tallon in an attempt to increase regeneration frequencies to levels suitable for genetic engineering of barley. Variables tested were 2,4-D concentration, salt composition, carbon source and immature embryo explant. Optimal culture medium composition varied between cultivars. Shoot regeneration rates from culture of isolated scutellar tissues were low for all four cultivars. Halved, immature embryos produced most shoots for cultivars Clipper, Schooner and Tallon, whereas Bandulla performed best with entire immature embryo explants. Clipper (a malting barley) and Bandulla (a feed barley) are suggested as model Australian cultivars for transformation studies. Immature embryos of Bandulla produced an average of 5.3 shoots and Clipper 10.1 shoots per embryo under optimal conditions. Our results show that rates of somatic embryo and plant regeneration sufficient for use in transformation studies can be achieved for diverse Australian Barley cultivars, through systematic testing of a range of key variables including explant type and medium composition.


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