The analgesic efficacy of preoperative high dose (40 mg.kg-1) oral paracetamol after bilateral myringotomy and grommet insertion in toddlers

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-687
Author(s):  
P. Bolton ◽  
H. Bridge ◽  
C. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
High Dose

The analgesic efficacy of preoperative high dose (40 mg.kg-1) oral acetaminophen after bilateral myringotomy and tube insertion in children

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILLIP BOLTON ◽  
HILARY S BRIDGE ◽  
CAROLYNE J MONTGOMERY ◽  
PAMELA M MERRICK
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Tube Insertion

Toxic Effects of High-dose Meloxicam and Carprofen on Female CD1 Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lon V Kendall ◽  
Alexandra L Bailey ◽  
Benjamin Singh ◽  
Whitney McGee
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Testing ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Clinically Significant

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs meloxicam and carprofen are commonly used as analgesics in mice. The current recommended doses of meloxicam at 0.2-1.0 mg/kg once daily and carprofen at 5-10 mg/kg twice daily may not be adequate to provide analgesia in mice. Several studies have suggested that doses up to 20 mg/kg of meloxicam and carprofen are needed to provide analgesic efficacy. This study investigated the clinical safety of these higher doses of meloxicam and carprofen by evaluating their potential for renal and gastrointestinal toxicity. Female CD-1 mice were given 20 mg/kg of either meloxicam, carprofen, or an equivalent volume of saline subcutaneously once daily for 3 or 7 d. On day 4, mice treated for 3 d were euthanized, and on days 8 and 15, mice treated for 7 d were euthanized. Blood was collected by cardiocentesis for serum chemistry analysis. Feces was collected from the colon for fecal occult blood testing, and tissues were collected for histopathology. No clinically significant changes in serum chemistry profiles were found in the drug-treated mice at any time point as compared with the saline controls. Fecal occult blood and histologic evidence of gastritis was associated with meloxicam administration in mice evaluated at days 4 and 8. By day 15, there was no association with meloxicam treatment and the presence of fecal occult blood or gastritis. There was no association between fecal occult blood and gastritis in the carprofen or saline-treated mice regardless of the treatment durations. These findings suggest that 20 mg/kg of meloxicam in mice causes gastric toxicity when given for 3 or 7 d and should be used cautiously; however, carprofen at 20 mg/kg appears to have minimal toxic effectswith regard to the parameters measured.

scholarly journals Analgesic Efficacy of a Combination of Fentanyl and a Japanese Herbal Medicine “Yokukansan” in Rats with Acute Inflammatory Pain

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Yuko Akanuma ◽  
Mami Kato ◽  
Yasunori Takayama ◽  
Hideshi Ikemoto ◽  
Naoki Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Opioid Tolerance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Combined Use

Background: Fentanyl can induce acute opioid tolerance and postoperative hyperalgesia when administered at a single high dose; thus, this study examined the analgesic efficacy of a combination of fentanyl and Yokukansan (YKS). Methods: Rats were divided into control, formalin-injected (FOR), YKS-treated+FOR (YKS), fentanyl-treated+FOR (FEN), and YKS+FEN+FOR (YKS+FEN) groups. Acute pain was induced via subcutaneous injection of formalin into the paw. The time engaged in pain-related behavior was measured. Results: In the early (0–10 min) and intermediate (10–20 min) phases, pain-related behavior in the YKS+FEN group was significantly inhibited compared with the FOR group. In the late phase (20–60 min), pain-related behavior in the FEN group was the longest and significantly increased compared with the YKS group. We explored the influence on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the spinal cord, and YKS suppressed the phosphorylated ERK expression, which may be related to the analgesic effect of YKS in the late phase. Conclusions: These findings suggest that YKS could reduce the use of fentanyl and combined use of YKS and fentanyl is considered clinically useful.

Opioid-induced respiratory effects: new data on buprenorphine

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Albert Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

When selecting the appropriate long-acting opioid to treat cancer pain, both analgesic efficacy and safety need consideration. Generally, opioids are well tolerated. However, of opioid-typical adverse events, respiratory depression is especially important because of the risk of a fatal outcome. Although all potent opioid analgesics act via the μ-opioid receptor system, they differ in how they affect respiratory control. Recently, the respiratory effects of fentanyl (1 - 7 μg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.7 - 9 μg g/kg) were compared in healthy opioidnaïve volunteers. Fentanyl produced dose-dependent depression of respiration with apnoea at doses ≥3 μg/kg, while buprenorphine caused depression that levelled at ~50% of baseline with doses ≥2 μg/kg. These findings indicate the occurrence of a ceiling in the respiratory depression induced by buprenorphine but not by fentanyl. Surprisingly few studies have addressed the clinically important ability to reverse the respiratory effects of opioids. A recent assessment of the naloxone dose required to reverse 0.2 μg intravenous buprenorphine-induced respiratory depression in healthy opioid-naïve volunteers, found that the accumulated naloxone dose causing 50% reversal of respiratory depression was 1.20∓0.32 μg/70 kg (given in 30 min); 80% reversal was observed at 2.50∓0.60 μg/70 kg (given in 30 min). At greater buprenorphine doses, full reversal is observed when the duration of naloxone infusion is increased. These findings indicate the need for a continuous rather than bolus administration of naloxone to reverse the respiratory effects of buprenorphine. In conclusion, buprenorphine is more favourable compared with fentanyl in respect to ventilatory control. Buprenorphine causes limited respiratory depression with a ceiling effect at higher doses, while fentanyl causes dose-dependent respiratory depression with apnoea at high dose levels. In the rare instance of respiratory depression, reversal is possible with a sufficient and continuous infusion of naloxone.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Celecoxib in the Treatment of Acute Gouty Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1859-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. RALPH SCHUMACHER ◽  
MANUELA F. BERGER ◽  
JULIE LI-YU ◽  
FERNANDO PEREZ-RUIZ ◽  
RUBÉN BURGOS-VARGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Extreme Pain

Objective.To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of high-dose celecoxib in the treatment of moderate to extreme pain and inflammation associated with acute gouty arthritis.Methods.A multinational, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled trial was done with patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with acute gouty monoarthritis or oligoarthritis (onset of pain ≤ 48 h before enrollment). Patients were treated for 8 days with 1 week followup and were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive celecoxib 50 mg bid, celecoxib 400 mg (followed by 200 mg later on Day 1 and then 200 mg bid for 7 days), celecoxib 800 mg (followed by 400 mg later on Day 1 and then 400 mg bid for 7 days), or indomethacin 50 mg tid.Results.Of 443 patients screened, 402 were randomized and 400 received treatment. Baseline demographics were comparable among treatments. Patients receiving high-dose celecoxib (800/400 mg) experienced a significantly greater reduction in pain intensity on Day 2 compared with low-dose celecoxib 50 mg bid [least squares (LS) mean difference −0.46; p = 0.0014]. For high-dose celecoxib 800/400 mg, the change in pain scores from baseline to Day 2 was comparable with indomethacin 50 mg tid (LS mean difference 0.11; p = 0.4331). There were significant differences in adverse events when the combined celecoxib groups (29.5%) were compared with patients taking indomethacin (43.1%; p = 0.0116). There was no change in median serum creatinine levels for any treatment. There were more discontinuations due to adverse events (8.8% vs 3%; p = 0.0147) with indomethacin than with the combined celecoxib groups.Conclusion.High-dose celecoxib (800/400 mg) was significantly more effective than low-dose celecoxib (50 mg bid) and comparable to indomethacin in the treatment of moderate to extreme pain in patients with acute gouty arthritis. Further, celecoxib was well tolerated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document