An in vivo evaluation of the therapeutic potential of sympatholytic agents on premature ejaculation

A novel anionic nanogel system was prepared using succinylated glycol chitosan-succinyl prednisolone conjugate (S-GCh-SP). The nanogel, named NG(S), was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. S-GCh-SP formed a nanogel via the aggregation of hydrophobic prednisolone (PD) moieties and the introduced succinyl groups contributed to the negative surface charge of the nanogel. The resultant NG(S) had a PD content of 13.7% (w/w), was ca. 400 nm in size and had a -potential of −28 mV. NG(S) released PD very slowly at gastric pH and faster but gradually at small intestinal pH. Although NG(S) was easily taken up by the macrophage-like cell line Raw 264.7, it did not decrease cell viability, suggesting that the toxicity of the nanogel was very low. The in vivo evaluation was performed using rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. NG(S) and PD alone were not very effective at 5 mg PD eq./kg. However, NG(S) at 10 mg PD eq./kg markedly suppressed colonic damage, whereas PD alone did not. Furthermore, thymus atrophy was less with NG(S) than with PD alone. These results demonstrated that NG(S) is very safe, promotes drug effectiveness and has low toxicity. NG(S) has potential as a drug delivery system for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

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Influence of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) Particle Sizes on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and In Vivo Evaluation of Their Therapeutic Potential

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/8193971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Dinesh K. Patel ◽

Yu-Ri Seo ◽

Sayan Deb Dutta ◽

Ok Hwan Lee ◽

Ki-Taek Lim

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Grifola Frondosa ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Calcium Deposition ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Gene Markers

Maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushroom has received an enormous amount of attention as a dietary supplement due to its high nutritional values. The particle sizes of G. frondosa mushrooms were monitored by a classifying mill. β-Glucans are the bioactive component of the mushroom, and it was revealed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C-NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry. The biocompatibility of G. frondosa particles, as well as induced osteogenesis of hMSCs, was evaluated through WST-1 assay and alizarin staining (ARS) technique, respectively. Notably, enhanced cell viability was noted in the presence of G. frondosa. Significantly improved calcium deposition has observed from hMSCs with G. frondosa, suggesting to their mineralization potential. The expression of osteogenic related gene markers was examined in the presence of G. frondosa through real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. The upregulation of osteogenic gene markers in the presence of G. frondosa particles was indicating their superior osteogenic potential. Besides, G. frondosa also activated the secretion of various kinds of proteins from the hMSCs indicating their potential for tissue engineering applications. Enhanced secretion of different immunoglobulins was observed in rat serum in the presence of G. frondosa, further demonstrating their therapeutic nature. Therefore, G. frondosa is effective for enhanced osteogenesis and can be utilized as a natural, edible, and osteogenic agent.

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