Increase of Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA Prior to Tyrosinase, Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1, Dopachrome Tautomerase, Pmel-17/gp100, and P-Protein mRNA in Human Skin After Ultraviolet B Irradiation

ABSTRACT The tyrosinase family comprises three members, tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct). Null mutations and deletions at the Tyr and Tyrp1 loci are known and phenotypically affect coat color due to the absence of enzyme or intracellular mislocalization. At the Dct locus, three mutations are known that lead to pigmentation phenotype. However, these mutations are not null mutations, and we therefore set out to generate a null allele at the Dct gene locus by removing exon 1 of the mouse Dct gene. Mice deficient in Dct [Dcttm1(Cre)Bee ] lack Dct mRNA and dopachrome tautomerase protein. They are viable and do not show any abnormalities in Dct-expressing sites such as skin, retinal pigment epithelium, or brain. However, the mice show a diluted coat color phenotype, which is due to reduced melanin content in hair. Primary melanocytes from Dct knockout mice are viable in culture and show a normal distribution of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1. In comparison to the knockout, the slaty mutation (Dctslt /Dctslt ) has less melanin and affects growth of primary melanocytes severely. In summary, we have generated a knockout of the Dct gene in mice with effects restricted to pigment production and coat color.

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Recovery Process of Langerhans Cells in Human Skin Following Ultraviolet B Irradiation

Journal of Toxicology Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology ◽

10.3109/15569529309050146 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 293-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Masato Hatao ◽

Raymond Mark ◽

Tracy Stoudemayer ◽

Karl L. Gabriel

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Langerhans Cells ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Ultraviolet B Irradiation

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Adaptation of the Human Skin by Chronic Solar-simulating UV Irradiation Prevents Ultraviolet-B Irradiation-induced Rise in Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels¶

Photochemistry and Photobiology ◽

10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00240.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 654-658

Author(s):

Jarmo K. Laihia ◽

Janne O. Koskinen ◽

Matti E. Waris ◽

Christer T. Jansén

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Ultraviolet B Irradiation

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Tara Tannin Regulates Pigmentation by Modulating Melanogenesis Enzymes and Melanosome Transport Proteins Expression

Planta Medica International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1141-0151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. e34-e44

Author(s):

Myra O. Villareal ◽

Thanyanan Chaochaiphat ◽

Meriem Bejaoui ◽

Kozo Sato ◽

Hiroko Isoda

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Pigment Cell ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Transport Proteins ◽

Related Protein ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Dopachrome Tautomerase ◽

Tyrosinase Related Protein

AbstractThe skin color is imparted by the pigment melanin produced in the melanosomes of melanocytes, through the catalytic action of melanogenesis enzymes tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase. Disruptions in the melanogenesis process may result to hypopigmentation, as observed in cutaneous postinflammatory conditions. Here, the bioactivity of tara tannin, specifically on melanogenesis, was evaluated in vitro using human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and B16F10 murine melanoma cells in order to determine the possibility that it may be used as a treatment against hypopigmentation. The melanin content of tara tannin-treated B16F10 cells and the expression level of melanogenesis enzymes and melanosome transport proteins were determined. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of tara tannin’s effect on melanogenesis, DNA microarray analysis was performed. Tara tannin significantly increased melanogenesis in both murine and human pigment cell models by upregulating melanogenesis-associated enzymes’ (tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase) protein and mRNA expression levels, as well as the melanosome transport proteins (myosin Va and RAB27A) expression, both attributed to increased microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression. Global gene expression analysis results revealed the modulation of genes (p≤0.05; fold-change ≥2.0 and ≤−2.0) that are under the transcriptional regulation of MITF and genes relevant for MAPK signaling, metabolic pathways, and cell cycle. Tara tannin has a significant effective melanogenesis-promoting effect, making it a potential therapeutic agent against hypopigmentation disorders. This is the first report on the melanogenesis regulatory effect of tara tannin in vitro.

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