Embedding short range wireless connectivity

Analysis of Bluetooth Versions (4.0, 4.2, 5, 5.1, and 5.2) for IoT Applications

10.4018/978-1-7998-6988-7.ch010 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 153-178

Author(s):

S. D. Padiya ◽

V. S. Gulhane

Keyword(s):

Wireless Communication ◽

Communication Technology ◽

Duty Cycle ◽

Short Range ◽

Good Choice ◽

Wireless Technologies ◽

Iot Applications ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Wireless Connectivity

IoT includes many sensors that have to collect the data and send it to the superior nodes; for such interaction between the IoT devices, various wireless technologies are available, like infrared, Li-Fi, WI-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, etc. Among all the available, Bluetooth proved the most promising short-range wireless communication technology due to various factors. To fulfil the increasing demand for wireless connectivity, the Bluetooth SIG must continuously perform up-gradation. Here, analysis of Bluetooth versions are discussed based on the characteristics such as speed, bandwidth, range, power, message capacity, beacon provision, compatibility, reliability, errors detection, correction capability, advertisement packets, duty cycle, slot availability masks, and many more. This analysis concluded that all the versions have their own set of merits and limitations. For the basic IoT applications (limited functionalities), Bluetooth 4.0/4.2 is a good choice, while for the complex IoT applications (advance functionalities), Bluetooth 5/ 5.1/ 5.2 is better.

Download Full-text

Ultrawideband Radio Design: The Promise of High-Speed, Short-Range Wireless Connectivity

Proceedings of the IEEE ◽

10.1109/jproc.2003.821910 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 295-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 367

Author(s):

S. Roy ◽

J.R. Foerster ◽

V.S. Somayazulu ◽

D.G. Leeper

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Short Range ◽

Ultrawideband Radio ◽

Wireless Connectivity

Download Full-text

Domain coarsening by grain boundary migration in ordered Ni4Mo

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100144279 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 560-561

Author(s):

K. Vasudevan ◽

H. P. Kao ◽

C. R. Brooks ◽

E. E. Stansbury

Keyword(s):

Grain Boundary ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Short Range ◽

Boundary Migration ◽

Grain Boundary Migration ◽

Rapid Cooling ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Fee Structure ◽

Domain Coarsening ◽

Boundary Reaction

The Ni4Mo alloy has a short-range ordered fee structure (α) above 868°C, but transforms below this temperature to an ordered bet structure (β) by rearrangement of atoms on the fee lattice. The disordered α, retained by rapid cooling, can be ordered by appropriate aging below 868°C. Initially, very fine β domains in six different but crystallographically related variants form and grow in size on further aging. However, in the temperature range 600-775°C, a coarsening reaction begins at the former α grain boundaries and the alloy also coarsens by this mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to report on TEM observations showing the characteristics of this grain boundary reaction.

Download Full-text

Ordering in Ni4Mo by TEM and APFIM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012597x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 214-215

Author(s):

E.A. Kenik ◽

T.A. Zagula ◽

M.K. Miller ◽

J. Bentley

Keyword(s):

Electron Irradiation ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Short Range ◽

Atom Probe ◽

Range Order ◽

Considerable Time ◽

Probe Field ◽

Disordered Phase ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Diffraction Patterns

The state of long-range order (LRO) and short-range order (SRO) in Ni4Mo has been a topic of interest for a considerable time (see Brooks et al.). The SRO is often referred to as 1½0 order from the apparent position of the diffuse maxima in diffraction patterns, which differs from the positions of the LRO (D1a) structure. Various studies have shown that a fully disordered state cannot be retained by quenching, as the atomic arrangements responsible for the 1½0 maxima are present at temperatures above the critical ordering temperature for LRO. Over 20 studies have attempted to identify the atomic arrangements associated with this state of order. A variety of models have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. It has also been shown that 1 MeV electron irradiation at low temperatures (∼100 K) can produce the disordered phase in Ni4Mo. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM), and electron irradiation disordering have been applied in the current study to further the understanding of the ordering processes in Ni4Mo.

Download Full-text