scholarly journals A Study on the Serial Position Effect of Memory according to Illumination of LED Light

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Chung Won Lee ◽  
Jin Ho Kim ◽  
In Keuk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Word List ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to verify the forms of the effect of serial position effects of memory according to the illuminance of light. This study was conducted as an experimental method, and 21 adults without cognitive impairment participated in the study. The illuminance condition was designed with high illuminance condition of 1,000 lx and low illuminance condition of 300 lx. The memory task used word list of 20 items consisting of a series of pointless spellings. After memorizing the word list for 10 minutes, the participant performed a retention task 24 hours later. The memory retention task consisted of filling the empty part of the learned word and completing the word. The analysis was performed by dividing the word items into three conditions: primacy, middle, and recency. Primacy used the first item in the word list, Middle used the 10th item in the middle of the word list, and finally Recency used the last item in the word list for analysis. The result was F = 4.16 (p = .02), and showed that there was a statistically significant difference in memory retention of primacy, middle, and recency at 95% confidence level in dim condition.

Comparison of the serial position effect in very mild Alzheimer's disease, mild Alzheimer's disease, and amnesia associated with electroconvulsive therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. BAYLEY ◽  
DAVID P. SALMON ◽  
MARK W. BONDI ◽  
BARBARA K. BUI ◽  
JOHN OLICHNEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects

Individuals given a series of words to memorize normally show better immediate recall for items from the beginning and end of the list than for midlist items. This phenomenon, known as the serial position effect, is thought to reflect the concurrent contributions of secondary and primary memory, respectively, to recall performance. The present study compared the serial position effects produced on Trial 1 of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) in mildly demented (N = 25; M MMSE = 20.0) and very mildly demented (N = 25; M MMSE = 25.5) patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and age- and education-matched normal control (NC) participants (N = 50). In addition, the serial position effects of the very mildly demented AD patients were compared to those of patients with a transient, circumscribed amnesia arising from a prescribed series of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatments for the relief of depressive illness (N = 11). While the NC group exhibited the typical serial position effect, AD patients recalled significantly fewer words than NC participants overall, and exhibited a significantly reduced primacy effect (i.e., recall of the first 2 list items) with a normal recency effect (i.e., recall of the last 2 list items). Patients with circumscribed amnesia due to ECT were as impaired as the very mildly demented AD patients on most standard CVLT measures of learning and memory, but exhibited primacy and recency effects, which were within normal limits. These results suggest that a reduction in the primacy effect, but not the recency effect, is an early and ubiquitous feature of the memory impairment of AD. It is not, however, a necessary feature of all causes of memory impairment. (JINS, 2000, 6, 290–298.)

Serial Position Memory in the Visual—Spatial Domain: Reconstructing Sequences of Unfamiliar Faces

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Smyth ◽  
Dennis C. Hay ◽  
Graham J. Hitch ◽  
Neil J. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

In two studies we presented pictures of unfamiliar faces one at a time, then presented the complete set at test and asked for serial reconstruction of the order of presentation. Serial position functions were similar to those found with verbal materials, with considerable primacy and one item recency, position errors that were mainly to the adjacent serial position, a visual similarity effect, and effects of articulatory suppression that did not interact with the serial position effect or with the similarity effect. Serial position effects were found when faces had been seen for as little as 300 ms and after a 6-s retention interval filled with articulatory suppression. Serial position effects found with unfamiliar faces are not based on verbal encoding strategies, and important elements of serial memory may be general across modalities.

scholarly journals Distinct role of flexible and stable encoding in sequential working memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonsu Lee ◽  
Woochul Choi ◽  
Youngjin Park ◽  
Se-Bum Paik
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
Precise Analysis

AbstractThe serial-position effect in working memory is considered important for studying how a sequence of sensory information can be retained and manipulated simultaneously in neural memory circuits. Here, via a precise analysis of the primacy and recency effects in human psychophysical experiments, we propose that stable and flexible coding take distinct roles of retaining and updating information in working memory, and that their combination induces serial-position effects spontaneously. We found that stable encoding retains memory to induce the primacy effect, while flexible encoding used for learning new inputs induces the recency effect. A model simulation based on human data, confirmed that a neural network with both flexible and stable synapses could reproduce the major characteristics of serial-position effects. Our new prediction, that the control of resource allocation by flexible-stable coding balance can modulate memory performance in sequence-specific manner, was supported by pre-cued memory performance data in humans.

Impact of Comorbid Depression on Serial Position Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽  
Sandra Dick ◽  
Thomas G. Riemer ◽  
Carsten Schleussner ◽  
Monique Goerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Word List ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
List Memory

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.

Auditory Serial Position Effects in Story Retelling for Non-Brain-Injured Participants and Persons With Aphasia

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin B. Brodsky ◽  
Malcolm R. McNeil ◽  
Patrick J. Doyle ◽  
Tepanata R. D. Fossett ◽  
Neil H. Timm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Story Retelling ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Using story retelling as an index of language ability, it is difficult to disambiguate comprehension and memory deficits. Collecting data on the serial position effect (SPE), however, illuminates the memory component. This study examined the SPE of the percentage of information units (%IU) produced in the connected speech samples of adults with aphasia and age-matched, non-brain-injured (NBI) participants. The NBI participants produced significantly more direct and alternate IUs than participants with aphasia. Significant age and gender differences were found in subsamples of the NBI controls, with younger and female participants generating significantly more direct IUs than male and older NBI participants. Alternate IU productions did not generate an SPE from any group. There was a significant linear increase from the initial (primacy) to the final (recency) portion of the recalled alternate IUs for both the NBI group and the group of participants with aphasia. Results provide evidence that individuals with aphasia recall discourse length information using similar memory functions as the nonimpaired population, though at a reduced level of efficiency or quantity. A quadratic model is suggested for the recall of information directly recalled from discourse-length language material.

scholarly journals Serial position effects differ between Alzheimer’s and vascular features in mild cognitive impairment

Aging ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3866-3880
Author(s):  
Russell Jude Chander ◽  
Heidi Foo ◽  
Tingting Yong ◽  
Levinia Lim ◽  
Jayne Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects
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