scholarly journals Palm H-FAME Production through Partially Hydrogenation using Nickel/Carbon Catalyst to Increase Oxidation Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Elsa Ramayeni ◽  
Bambang Heru Susanto ◽  
Dimas Firlyansyah Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Partial Hydrogenation ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Speed Up

One of the methods to improve the oxidation stability of palm biodiesel is through partially hydrogenation. The production using Nickel/Carbon catalyst to speed up the reaction rate. Product is called Palm H-FAME (Hydrogenated FAME). Partial hydrogenation breaks the unsaturated bond on FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester), which is a key component of the determination of oxidative properties. Changes in FAME composition by partial hydrogenation are predicted to change the oxidation stability so it does not cause deposits that can damage the injection system of diesel engine, pump system, and storage tank. Partial hydrogenation is carried out under operating conditions of 120 °C and 6 bar with 100:1, 100:3, 100:5, 100:10 % wt catalyst in the stirred batch autoclave reactor. H-FAME synthesis with 100:5 % wt Ni/C catalyst can decrease the iodine number which is the empirical measure of the number of unsaturated bonds from 91.78 to 82.38 (g-I2/100 g) with an increase of oxidation stability from 585 to 602 minutes.

scholarly journals Low-temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma for palm biodiesel hydrogenation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grittima Kongprawes ◽  
Doonyapong Wongsawaeng ◽  
Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Suttichai Assabumrungrat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Partial Hydrogenation ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Plasma Hydrogenation

AbstractPartially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl ester (H-FAME) is conventionally produced through partial hydrogenation under high pressure and elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Herein, a novel green, catalyst-free, non-thermal and atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was employed instead of a conventional method to hydrogenate palm FAME. H-FAME became more saturated with the conversion of C18:2 and C18:3 of 47.4 and 100%, respectively, at 100 W input power, 1 mm gas-filled gap size and 80% H2 in the mixed gas at room temperature for 5 h, causing a reduction of the iodine value from 50.2 to 43.5. Oxidation stability increased from 12.8 to 20 h while a cloud point changed from 13.5 to 16 °C. Interestingly, DBD plasma hydrogenation resulted in no trans-fatty acid formation which provided a positive effect on the cloud point. This green DBD plasma system showed a superior performance to a conventional catalytic reaction. It is an alternative method that is safe from explosion due to the mild operating condition, as well as being highly environmentally friendly by reducing waste and energy utilization from the regeneration process required for a catalytic process. This novel green plasma hydrogenation technique could also be applied to other liquid-based processes.

Experimental Investigation With Optical Diagnostics of a Lean-Premixed Aero-Engine Injection System Under Relevant Operating Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Malbois ◽  
E. Salaun ◽  
F. Frindt ◽  
G. Cabot ◽  
B. Renou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Laser Propagation ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Lean Premixed ◽  
Gradient Based

A Lean-Premixed (LP) aero-engine injection system was experimentally studied using optically-based measurements. Experiments were conducted under relevant operating conditions up to 1.38 MPa and using commercial kerosene as fuel. First of all, the structure of the reaction zone and the flame length into the combustion chamber have been studied with CH* chemiluminescence. It is observed from the data measurements that combustion can produce two types of flames, a V-shaped flame in which combustion is stabilized a few mm downstream from the injector and a tulip flame in which combustion is developing inside the injection system. The flame is found to be shorter and more confined when increasing the pressure. To complement this study, experiments were also performed using the OH-PLIF measurement technique. Data processing of the absorption of OH fluorescence signals along the laser propagation allowed the determination of the absolute distribution of OH concentration without any calibration of the OH fluorescence signals. The obtained values are in agreement with estimated premixed adiabatic chemical equilibrium results. Furthermore, the flame front location and its structure were captured from gradient-based filtering operations on OH-PLIF signals. Finally, pollutant emissions were also measured with an exhaust gas sampling probe positioned downstream from the combustor outlet. It has been found that NOx emission increases with Fuel Air Ratio (FAR) and pressure whereas CO exhibits an inverse trend.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Palm Biodiesel Hydrogenation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grittima Kongprawes ◽  
Doonyapong Wongsawaeng ◽  
Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽  
Worapon Kiatkittipong ◽  
Suttichai Assabumrungrat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Partial Hydrogenation ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Plasma Hydrogenation

Abstract Partially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl ester (H-FAME) is conventionally produced through partial hydrogenation under high pressure and elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Herein, a novel green, catalyst-free, non-thermal and atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was employed instead of a conventional method to hydrogenate palm FAME. H-FAME became more saturated with the conversion of C18:2 and C18:3 of 47.1 and 100%, respectively, at 100 W input power, 1 mm gas-filled gap size and 80% H2 in the mixed gas at room temperature for 5 h, causing a reduction of the iodine value from 50.2 to 43.5. Oxidation stability increased from 12.8 to 20 h while a cloud point changed from 13.5 to 16°C. Interstingly, DBD plasma hydrogenation resulted in no trans-fatty acid formation which provided a positive effect on the cloud point. This green DBD plasma system showed a superior performance to a conventional catalytic reaction. It is an alternative method that is safe from explosion due to the mild operating condition, as well as being highly environmentally-friendly by reducing waste and energy utilization from the regeneration process required for a catalytic process. This novel green plasma hydrogenation technique could also be applied to other liquid-based processes.

scholarly journals Optical and Energetic Investigation of an Advanced Corona Ignition System in a Pressure-Based Calorimeter

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06019
Author(s):  
Valentino Cruccolini ◽  
Gabriele Discepoli ◽  
Federico Ricci ◽  
Carlo Nazareno Grimaldi ◽  
Alessio Di Giuseppe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Excited Species ◽  
Electrode Voltage ◽  
Correct Determination ◽  
Speed Up

In recent years, radio-frequency corona igniters have been extensively studied for their capability to ensure an effective ignition also in lean or diluted mixtures. Corona ignition is volumetric, with streamers coming from a star-shaped electrode. During the discharge, many radicals and excited species, able to speed up the combustion onset, are generated. At the same time, corona igniters are able to release a considerable amount of thermal energy inside the combustion chamber. The correct determination of such energy is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of the ignition. In this work, corona discharge is experimentally evaluated inside an optical vessel. In this apparatus, the released thermal energy is measured by means of pressure-based calorimetry, and at the same time the natural luminosity of the streamers is recorded with a high-speed camera. The goal is to find a relationship between thermal energy release and streamers luminosity. Tests are performed using nitrogen as medium, at different pressure levels inside the vessel. The peak electrode voltage is varied to characterize the igniter behaviour in different operating conditions. The results of this work can be used to quantify the corona ignition capabilities to involve a wide amount of medium while releasing a high amount of thermal energy. A repeatability evaluation of streamer evolution is investigated as well.

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