scholarly journals Technical requirements for entries in flameproof enclosures operating in potentially explosive atmospheres

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00073
Author(s):  
Marcel Daniel Rad ◽  
Dragos Fotau ◽  
Sorin Zsido
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
European Level ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
Representative Samples

The evaluation of explosion-proof electrical equipment for certification is particularly important given the risk of explosion and must be minimized. This in order to ensure the safety of life, health of workers, to prevent damage to goods and the environment when they meet the essential security requirements at European level. Directive 2014/34 / EU states that equipment used in explosive atmospheres must be designed to operate without endangering the environment for which it is intended. This paper proposes the study and evaluation of the requirements for flameproof enclosures. In order to verify explosion protection, the representative samples made available by explosion-protected equipment manufacturers are tested under the worst possible conditions that may occur in practice.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the new requirements for the evaluation of rotating electric machines with increased safety protection type “e”

2021 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Marcel Daniel Rad ◽  
Diana Sălăsan ◽  
Sorin Zsido
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
European Level ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
Explosion Protection

The evaluation of explosion-proof electrical equipment for certification is particularly important given the risk of explosion and must be minimized. This in order to ensure the safety of life, health of workers, to prevent damage to goods and the environment when they meet the essential security requirements at European level. Directive 2014/34 / EU states that equipment used in explosive atmospheres must be designed to operate without endangering the environment for which it is intende. This paper proposes the study and evaluation of the requirements for the evaluation of rotating electric machines with increased safety protection type “e”. The rotating electric machines with increased safety protection type “e”, in order to comply with the explosion protection, it must meet certain requirements given by the standard SR-EN 60079-7.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the choice of cable glands for electrical equipment used in potentially explosive atmospheres

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
Marcel Daniel Rad ◽  
Dragos Fotau ◽  
Diana Sălăsan ◽  
Sorin Zsido
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
European Level ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
Electrical Apparatus

The evaluation of explosion-proof electrical equipment for certification is particularly important given the risk of explosion and must be minimized. This in order to ensure the safety of life, health of workers, to prevent damage to goods and the environment when they meet the essential security requirements at European level. Directive 2014/34 / EU states that equipment used in explosive atmospheres must be designed to operate without endangering the environment for which it is intended. This paper presents a comparison between the different types of cable glands for electrical apparatus by comparing some common characteristics that are important for maintaining the integrity of explosion protection. Consequently, this paper intends to be the precursor of a practical guide for the selection and implementation of different types of protection on the apparatus intended for use in areas with hazard of explosive atmospheres, both for designers and manufactures. This state of fact is negatively more emphatic because, lately, the groups of standards from this field in the world, Europe and Romania have a peculiar dynamic caused especially by the homogenisation and generalisation process opened and maintained by IEC.

X-ray testing of high voltage oil-filled electrical equipment: Physical background and technical requirements

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
L. A. Darian ◽  
P. V. Golubev ◽  
R. M. Obraztsov ◽  
E. P. Grabchak ◽  
R. R. Gimaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Physical Background

Design and Application of Formwork Loop Wheel Machine in Complex Structure Double-Arch Tunnel with Large Cross-Section and Longitudinal

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2237-2242
Author(s):  
Ming Li Huang ◽  
Yan Jun Zhou ◽  
Ya Chao Huo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Large Cross Section ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Monitoring Framework ◽  
Tunnel Design ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Project Monitoring ◽  
The Difference

For the cut and cover section of "framework + arch” modular structure of Xiamen Airport Road Project. Based on tunnel design section and other construction, technical requirements, we designed a 24.7 meters long and 13.5 meters wide framework loop wheel, with three rows of columns and complex structure and large cross section. In order to prevent to happen bias, two formwork loop wheel machines are symmetrical constructed.For the difference between outer ramp and main line, methods of filling soil and lengthening pillar are used. In order to reduce the load of the roof frame , scaffolding are installed. Obtained through the project monitoring, framework loop wheel machine meets the security requirements, and can improve construction speed and quality.

Research note

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios G. Katehakis ◽  
George Pangalos ◽  
Andriana Prentza
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
European Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present a framework for moving cross-border ePrescription (eP) and Patient Summary (PS) services forward, bearing in mind the needs and requirements of the European e-health space for cross-border eP and PS services, the limitations of the already developed solutions, as well as outcomes available from other domains. Design/methodology/approach The outcomes of previous and current large-scale pilot projects, aiming toward the delivery of electronic cross-border services, are examined. Integration of generic building blocks (BBs) is considered for the further development of cross-border eP and PS, in line with the European Directive on patients’ rights in cross-border health care. Findings The e-health domain is expected to greatly benefit from mitigating non-domain concerns such as those for electronic identification, end point detection, non-repudiation and the use of electronic signatures and trust establishments for basic cross-border public services in Europe. Research limitations/implications Research limitations are related to the fact that electronic identification, electronic signature and semantic issues have not been fully addressed yet at a European level to support cross-border services. Practical implications Practical implications are related to the cooperation, European level compatibility and sustainability of the underlying national infrastructures required to support reliable and secure exchange of medical data, as well as the readiness to address continuously evolving interoperability, legal and security requirements in a cross-border setting. Originality/value The need for consolidating the existing outcomes of non-health specific BBs is examined for two high-priority e-health services. Ongoing progress is presented, together with related issues that need to be resolved for improving technical certainty and making it easier to use health-care services abroad in cases of emergency.

scholarly journals Aspects regarding the specific tests applicable to electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e”

2021 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Dragoş Fotău ◽  
Mihai Magyari ◽  
Lucian Moldovan ◽  
Diana Sălăşan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
European Level ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Electric Machinery ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level. Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.). Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use. Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case. The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the specific tests applicable to electric motors with type of protection flameproof enclosure „d” and type of protection increased safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00021
Author(s):  
Dragoş Fotău ◽  
Marcel Rad ◽  
Diana Sălăşan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motors ◽  
Electric Machinery ◽  
Explosion Protection ◽  
Representative Samples

The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection flameproof enclosure „d” and type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere. Most of the equipment operating in potentially explosive atmospheres is represented by electric motors, which in most situations act on various other elements (e.g. pumps, valves, fans etc.). Even if electric motors for explosive atmospheres are designed and manufactured following some of the same principles as the ones used for other electric machinery, they have certain particularities related to their field of use. Thus, a series of specific restrictions and tests are required to be considered in their case. In order to verify explosion protection, the representative samples made available by explosion-protected equipment manufacturers are tested under the most unfavorable conditions that may occur in operation.

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