Simplification of the method of assessing daily and nightly energy expenditure in children, using heart rate monitoring calibrated against open circuit indirect calorimetry

Total energy expenditure (EE) can be assessed in children by the heart-rate (HR) monitoring technique calibrated against open-circuit indirect calorimetry (IC). In this technique, sleeping EE is usually estimated as the lowest value of a 30 min resting EE measurement×0·90 to give an average for the total sleeping period. However, sleeping is a dynamic process in which sleeping EE is modulated by the effect of factors such as body movement and different sleep stages. The aim of the present study was to determine a new method to improve the sleeping EE measurement by taking into account body movements during sleep. Twenty-four non-obese children participated in the present study. All subjects passed through a calibration period. HR and EE measured by IC were simultaneously collected during resting, the postprandial period, and during different levels of activity. Different methods for computing sleeping EE (resting EE×0·90 with different breakpoints (‘flex point’ HR with linear regression or ‘inflection point’ (IP) HR with the third order polynomial regression equation (P3)) were compared with EE measured for least 2·0 h in eight sleeping children. The best method of calculation was then tested in sixteen children undergoing HR monitoring and with a body movement detector. In a subset of eight children undergoing simultaneous sleeping EE measurement by IC and HR, the use of the equation resting EE×0·8 when HR<IP and P3 when HR>IP during the sleeping period gave the lowest difference (1 (SD 5·4) %) compared with other methods (linear or polynomial regressions). The new formula was tested in an independent subset of sixteen other children. The difference between sleeping ee computed with the formula resting EE×0·90 and sleeping EE computed with resting EE×0·8 when HR<IP and the P3 equation when HR>IP during sleeping periods was significant (13 (sd 5·9)%) only for active sleeping subjects (n 6 of 16 subjects). The correlation between the difference in the results from the two methods of calculation and body movements was close (r 0·63, P<0·005, Spearman test) as well as computed sleeping EE (Spearman test, r 0·679, P<0·001), indicating that this new method is reliable for computing sleeping EE with HR monitoring if children are moving during sleep and improves the total EE assessment.

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Energy Expenditure in Playground Games in Primary School Children Measured by Accelerometer and Heart Rate Monitors

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 467-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jorge Cañete García-Prieto ◽

Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

Mairena Sánchez-López ◽

Natalia Arias-Palencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Primary School ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

School Children ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Heart Rate Monitors

The aim of this study was to examine the energy expenditure (EE) measured using indirect calorimetry (IC) during playground games and to assess the validity of heart rate (HR) and accelerometry counts as indirect indicators of EE in children´s physical activity games. 32 primary school children (9.9 ± 0.6 years old, 19.8 ± 4.9 kg · m-2 BMI and 37.6 ± 7.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1 VO2max). Indirect calorimetry (IC), accelerometry and HR data were simultaneously collected for each child during a 90 min session of 30 playground games. Thirty-eight sessions were recorded in 32 different children. Each game was recorded at least in three occasions in other three children. The intersubject coefficient of variation within a game was 27% for IC, 37% for accelerometry and 13% for HR. The overall mean EE in the games was 4.2 ± 1.4 kcals · min-1 per game, totaling to 375 ± 122 kcals/per 90 min/session. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and accelerometer counts was 0.48 (p = .026) for endurance games and 0.21 (p = .574) for strength games. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and HR was 0.71 (p = .032) for endurance games and 0.48 (p = .026) for strength games. Our data indicate that both accelerometer and HR monitors are useful devices for estimating EE during endurance games, but only HR monitors estimates are accurate for endurance games.

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MINUTE-BY-MINUTE HEART RATE MONITORING TO ESTIMATE ENERGY EXPENDITURE DURING CYCLING AND RUNNING

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200105001-01411 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. S251

Author(s):

J A. Carlstrom ◽

S E. Gaskill ◽

B C. Ruby

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Heart Rate Monitoring

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Determining energy expenditure in preterm infants: comparison of 2H(2)18O method and indirect calorimetry

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.r685 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 263 (3) ◽

pp. R685-R692 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. L. Jensen ◽

N. F. Butte ◽

W. W. Wong ◽

J. K. Moon

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Water Flux ◽

High Ratio ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Study Time ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Turnover Rates

The doubly labeled water (2H(2)18O) method used to estimate total energy expenditure (EETotal) is particularly sensitive to analytic error in preterm infants, because of their high percentage of body water and the high ratio of water flux to CO2 production. To evaluate further use of this method, the EE of 12 preterm infants was measured by indirect calorimetry and 2H(2)18O simultaneously and continuously for 5 days. Initial infant weight, age, and postconceptional age were (means +/- SD) 1,674 +/- 173 g, 4.4 +/- 2.6 wk, and 34.6 +/- 1.6 wk, respectively. The indirect calorimeter system included an air-temperature-controlled chamber and heart rate monitor. EE was measured by indirect calorimetry for 85.6 +/- 4.7% of study time and estimated from the linear regression of heart rate on EE for 14.4 +/- 4.7% of study time. The 2H(2)18O method entailed an initial dose of 100 mg 2H2O and 250 mg 18O/kg and a final dose of 75 mg 18O/kg; urine was collected twice daily. 2H and 18O enrichments were measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. EE was calculated from measured 2H and 18O dilution spaces (NH, NO), turnover rates (kH, kO), and measured respiratory quotient. The ratio of 2H to 18O dilution spaces was 1.01 +/- 0.01 and the ratio of kO to kH was 1.16 +/- 0.04. Estimation of EE from 2H(2)18O and indirect calorimetry agreed within 1%, although individual variability in methods was large.

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