spearman test
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2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Nadya Meta Harlinda ◽  
Bahar Khusni ◽  
Reido Dafa Annafis ◽  
Rayhan Muhammad Basyarahil ◽  
Widati Fatmaningrum

Introduction: COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2), an outbreak in the world in 2019 until now. High cholesterol levels correlate with increasing disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 infection because there is a surge of cases in Gianyar Regency, a district of Taro Village. This study aimed to examine the relationship between age and gender to cholesterol levels which are expected to become information for the people of Taro Village as a basis for health screening to prevent comorbid diseases that increase mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection and increase awareness of the people of Taro Village to maintain health and implement a healthy lifestyle. Method: Capillary blood was taken and then checked for cholesterol levels using a standardized tool on 44 respondents. The cholesterol check was conducted in Gianyar Regency, precisely in Taro Village, Tegalalang District, and Bali. The data obtained will be analyzed using univariate analysis followed by bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test for variables of age and cholesterol levels. In contrast, for variables gender and cholesterol levels, the Mann-Whitney test is performed. Results: A total of 44 individual respondents in this study, the distribution of data, namely the age of the repondent is more in the 41-50 year age group, the number of female respondents is 33 or 75.0% of the total respondent, and 70.5% of the respondent or 31 have normal cholesterol levels. The results of the Spearman test on the variables of age and cholesterol levels obtained a P value>0, 05, and the results of the Mann Withney test on the variables gender and cholesterol levels obtained a P value>0, 05. Conclusion: Most taro villagers have normal cholesterol levels obtained as many as 31 people, or 70.5% of the total respondent. It may be influenced by the work factor of taro villagers who work a lot in the agriculture and plantation sectors. Based on the study results, there is also no significant relationship between age and gender with the cholesterol levels of Taro Villagers. However, high cholesterol levels were only found in females as many as five people.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efat Mohamadi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Kiani ◽  
Alireza Olyaeemanesh ◽  
Amirhossein Takian ◽  
Reza Majdzadeh ◽  
...  

Background: Measuring the efficiency and productivity of hospitals is a key tool to cost contamination and management that is very important for any healthcare system for having an efficient system.Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of contextual factors on hospital efficiency in Iranian public hospitals.Methods: This was a quantitative and descriptive-analytical study conducted in two steps. First, we measured the efficiency score of teaching and non-teaching hospitals by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Second, the relationship between efficiency score and contextual factors was analyzed. We used median statistics (first and third quarters) to describe the concentration and distribution of each variable in teaching and non-teaching hospitals, then the Wilcoxon test was used to compare them. The Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between the efficiency of hospitals and contextual variables (province area, province population, population density, and the number of beds per hospital).Results: On average, the efficiency score in non-teaching hospitals in 31 provinces was 0.67 and for teaching hospitals was 0.54. Results showed that there is no significant relationship between the efficiency score and the number of hospitals in the provinces (p = 0.1 and 0.15, respectively). The relationship between the number of hospitals and the population of the province was significant and positive. Also, there was a positive relationship between the number of beds and the area of the province in both types of teaching and non-teaching hospitals.Conclusion: Multilateral factors influence the efficiency of hospitals and to address hospital inefficiency multi-intervention packages focusing on the hospital and its context should be developed. It is necessary to pay attention to contextual factors and organizational architecture to improve efficiency.


Author(s):  
Ulaa Haniifah ◽  
April Poerwanto ◽  
Agus Sobagjo ◽  
Maftuchah Rochmanti

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency lifesaving procedure performed when the heart stops beating. Basic Life Support (BLS) is the initial action to save life-saving conditions. BLS is one of the most important components in CPR. BLS greatly determines the fate of the next life-threatening victim. This study aimed to know the relationship of understanding CPR to readiness to do BLS for students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.Methods: This was non-experimental study using the design of analytic and descriptive statistics. The sample of this study was the students of Faculty of Medicine, class of 2015, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya and was taken by probability sampling method with a simple random sampling technique. Data retrieval was performed by giving a questionnaire to 100 respondents. This study was conducted in February 2019. The results of this study were then analyzed by SPSS using the Spearman test.Results: The results of this study showed that the most level of understanding CPR was in the good category with 56 people (56%), while the readiness to do BLS was mostly in the moderate category with 55 people (55%). Based on the results of statistical tests using the Spearman test, there was a relationship between the level of understanding CPR and the readiness to do BLS for students of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.Conclusion: There was relationship between the level of understanding CPR and the readiness to do BLS for students of Faculty Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.


2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1399-1404
Author(s):  
Vica Natalia Gonga

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a respiratory infection that affect both upper or lower respiratory tracts.  The virus or bacteria causes ARI which lasts for 14 days. Indonesia had the highest mortality rate for ARI, in 2008 around 36.4% children infected; in 2009 around 32.1%; in 2010 around 18.2%; and in 2011 around 38.8%. The prevalence of ARI in Siwalima Health Center around 3240 children in 2020. Breastfeeding has huge benefit for both moms and babies. The prevalence of breastfeeding in Indonesia is 66.1%, but there are two provinces, West Papua (34%) and Maluku (37.2%) that have not reach the target yet. The purpose of this study is to find out if there is a correlation between Exclusive breastfeeding with history of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in children in November 2021 in Siwalima Village, Aru Island, Maluku. This study uses observational analytical research methods, and cross- sectional design. The subject of this study are children age 0 - 24 months and lived in Siwalima Village. The sample of this study is using total sampling technic and there are 186 respondents. Questioners with yes or no answer are using in this study. The result of Spearman test showed that there was a correlation between Exclusive breastfeeding with history of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in children in November 2021 in Siwalima Village, Aru Island, Maluku with a p value 0.01 < a = 0.000. There are 84 respondent (45.2%) had ARI and 102 respondent (34.8%) didn’t, also 91 respondents (48.9%) didn’t receive exclusive breastfeeding and 95 respondent receive exclusive breastfeeding. With this study, it is hoped that exclusive breastfeeding can be increased, especially for children aged 0 – 6 months in order to prevent infection.


2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1134-1139
Author(s):  
Nurhidayati Harun ◽  
Firdawati Firdawati ◽  
Nia Kurniasih

The use of drugs for pregnancy and breastfeeding needs to be self-medication and the importance of counselling to increase the mother's knowledge about the correct use of drugs so that pregnant and lactating women's level of health and knowledge increases. The counselling purpose was to determine the mother's level of knowledge and whether there was a difference in the knowledge level of the use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation. The method used is pre and post-media analysis (flipchart). Data analysis obtain by scoring questionnaires, univariate analysis, and statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney test results showed that in the post-test or after giving counselling using flipchart media, there was a change in respondents' knowledge from before being given a flipchart and after being given a flipchart. The hypothesis from this counselling is accepted, which means that giving flipcharts affects the level of knowledge. The calculations using the spearman test obtained p-value pretest 0.732 and p-value post-test 0.253 for pregnant women and obtained p-value pretest and post-test of 0.033 (p <0.05) for breastfeeding mothers, then there is a relationship between the education level pregnant and lactating mothers with knowledge. The Wilcoxon test data pretest and post-test knowledge of pregnant and lactating mothers had a p-value of 0.003 (p 0.05), the effect of counselling concluded with flipchart media on the knowledge of pregnant and lactating mothers about the use of drugs.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (E) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Nenni Dwi Aprianti Lubis ◽  
Fitriyani Nasution ◽  
Hidayat Hidayar ◽  
Sri Amelia ◽  
Ridwan Balatif

Overweight and obesity is one of the health problems in the world. This condition is associated with various health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, gallbladder disease, and cancer. Consuming adequate fluids can help you lose weight. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body fluid intake and body mass index (BMI) in Medical Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on USU Medical Faculty students from October 2020 to January 2021 with a sample of 99 people. Researchers obtained primary data obtained through reporting daily fluid intake for seven consecutive days and anthropometric measurements. Furthermore, the researchers conducted the Spearman test to determine the relationship between the two variables. Based on the characteristics of the sample, the researchers obtained 51 samples that were female (51.5%), and 48 were male (48.5%) with an average age of 20.05±1.08 years. The average fluid intake consumed was around 2070.07±654.93 mL per day, whereas 48 people in the study sample consumed less fluid below 2000 mL/day (45.5%). The classification of nutritional status of the sample based on BMI showed that 44 people had normal nutritional status (44.4%), 48 people were overweight (48.5%), and seven people were obese (7.1%). The test results showed a significant relationship between daily fluid intake and BMI (p-value = 0.007).


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Ninik Ambar Sari ◽  
Ceria Nurhayati

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels as a result of insufficient insulin secretion, impaired insulin activity or both. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk for complications that can affect their quality of life. These complications can be minimized through self-management.  Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-management and quality of life in type 2 DM patients. Design: This study was a quantitative research. The design in this study was a cross-sectional analytic with a sample of 75 people who were carried out at the endocrine polyclinic RS Pusat TNI Angkatan Laut (RSPAL) DR. Ramelan Surabaya. Research instrument used the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) developed by Schmitt et al (2013) to determine the self-management of type 2 DM patients and to measure the quality of life using the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief (DQoL Brief) instrument developed by Burrough et al (2008). The sample siza with simple random sampling method, and data analysis using spearman rank test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-management and quality of life in type 2 DM patients (p-value = .000, r = .394). Conclusion: There is a significant positive relationship between the level of self-management and quality of life in type 2 DM patients. From the results of the Spearman test correlation coefficient, there is a positive sign. This means that the higher the patient's self-management, it will also improve the quality of their life. The implication of this study are nurses can increase patient knowledge by providing education that focuses on improving self-management and facilitating the provision of family support as well as supervision and monitoring related to self-management by type 2 DM patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Rizqinda Lailatul Lestari ◽  
Tina Handayani Nasution ◽  
Ahmad Hasyim Wibisono ◽  
Miftakhul Jannah ◽  
Ulfi Nur Widiyanti ◽  
...  

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can become a bio-psycho-socio-economic-culture-spiritual burden for individuals because its complex treatment and management. Self-acceptance and adherence to medication are the keys in lupus management. Purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-acceptance level of lupus patients and their medication adherence level. The study was designed using a correlational study with a cross sectional approach. About 92 lupus patient respondents at Kupu Parahita Indonesia Foundation who went to the Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang were selected using purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were asked to fill out a modified Acceptance of Illness questionnaire to measure patient self-acceptance level and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8) to assess drug adherence level. From the 92 respondents, it was found that 37% had a high level of self-acceptance, 52.2% were moderate, and 10.8% were low. Adherence medication level in 92 respondents showed 51.1% high, 38.1% moderate, and 10.8% low. Spearman test results showed a significant relationship between self-acceptance level and medication adherence level (p=0.001, r=0.355). This value indicates the strength of the weak relationship and the direction of the positive correlation between self-acceptance and medication adherence. Conclusion, the higher of self-acceptance level of lupus patients, the higher medication adherence level.


Author(s):  
Martina Schmidbauer ◽  
Lars Grenacher ◽  
Markus S. Juchems ◽  
Erik Memmel ◽  
Thomas Lauenstein ◽  
...  

Purpose To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on the radiological imaging volume in Germany. Materials und Methods In this retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed CT and MRI examinations of 7 radiology institutes across Germany from January to December 2020. The imaging volume was compared to 2019 (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Modality, patient service locations, and examined body parts were assessed in consideration of time periods of the pandemic. In addition, correlation with the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases and associated death was performed (Spearman-test). Results In total, in 2020, imaging volume declined by 4 % (n = 8314) compared with 2019 (p < 0.05). The hard lockdown during the first pandemic wave (calendar week 12–16, March 22 – April 19) revealed the highest decrease with 29 % (n = 894, p < 0.01), with the greatest decrease in CT (36 % vs. MRI 26 %), outpatients (38 %, p < 0.01), and imaging of the spine and extremities (51–72 %, < 0.05 – p < 0.01). Examinations referred from the emergency department (–13 %, p < 0.05) and CT of the chest (–16 %, p < 0.05) were least affected. With the end of the first wave, gradual normalization of the imaging volume was observed and persisted until the end of the observation period. A reduction of imaging volume negatively correlated with the incidence of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases and associated deaths (r = 0.28 and 0.49, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant temporary decline in imaging volume. After the first lockdown period, a quick recovery was observed with radiologic imaging examinations steadily approaching prior-year figures. Key points:  Citation Format


2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
E. S. Bagnenko ◽  
E. R. Araviiskaia ◽  
A. I. Bogatenkov ◽  
S. S. Bagnenko

Background. Patients seeking cosmetic help, most commonly, haven`t only defects in appearance, in particular, facial skin, but also experience certain psychological problems in this regard. On the other hand, the reaction to the performed cosmetic correction of the mentioned defects depends, including on the patients psychological characteristics. The study of the correlation between clinical and psychological characteristics should contribute to the individualization of the cosmetological correction process and optimization of the patient life quality. Aims. To establish the correlation between age, clinical and psychological characteristics of women with cosmetic problems of the facial skin. Materials and methods. Using the methods of psychological diagnostics, we examined 110 women who received cosmetic assistance. Semi-quantitative method was used to assess the cosmetic problem intensity, the duration of its existence and the effect of the correction performed. Clinical and psychological research was carried out using the author's structured interview, which questions were aimed at fixing both the formal social positions of the patients and the characteristics of the system of significant relationships. Psychometric research was carried out using standardized questionnaires in order to identify a wide range of personality characteristics. In the course of statistical processing of the results, a frequency analysis of the gradations of nominative and rank signs was carried out using Pearson's 2, as well as a correlation analysis of clinical and psychological characteristics using the Spearman -test. Results. The author traced the statistical correlation between the degree of manifestation of the cosmetic problem and its influence on the psychological state of patients, as well as between the degree of their satisfaction with its solution and a number of personal characteristics and attitudes. Conclusions. The assumption was confirmed that the effect of treatment is determined not only by clinical factors and the possibilities of modern cosmetology, but also by psychological factors, among which the motivational orientation and activity of the individual, which form the basis of patient compliance, are of decisive importance.


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