Impact of Escitalopram on Nocturnal Sleep, Day-Time Sleepiness and Performance Compared to Amitriptyline: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Male Subjects

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of erythromycin on orocecal transit time (OCTT) in 17 healthy male subjects in a double-blind, placebo controlled crossover trial.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: After an overnight fast, each subject received 250 mg erythromycin base, 500 mg erythromycin base or placebo on three different days. A standardized breakfast meal plus 20 g lactulose was administered 30 mins after ingestion of the test dose. Exhaled breath was collected and hydrogen concentration was assessed over 4 h. Hydrogen concentrations over time for each session were analyzed by a generalized logistic function generating a sigmoidal curve. The ‘front’ transit time (T1) was taken as the time when a sustained rise in breath hydrogen concentration was first observed. The midpoint from baseline to peak hydrogen concentration was denoted T2and represented the time when approximately half of the test meal had reached the cecum.RESULTS: There was no effect of erythromycin on OCTT. The T1(mean ± SEM) was 103.2±11.2, 103.3± 15.3 and 70.9±15.9 mins for placebo, 250 mg erythromycin base and 500 mg erythromycin base, respectively (P>0.05). Similarly, the T2was 113.3±11.3, 113.9± 16.5 and 99.3±15.3 mins for the three regimens.CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of erythromycin does not alter OCTT in healthy male subjects.

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Caffeine Supplementation for 4 Days Does Not Induce Tolerance to the Ergogenic Effects Promoted by Acute Intake on Physiological, Metabolic, and Performance Parameters of Cyclists: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12072101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 2101

Author(s):

Anderson Pontes Morales ◽

Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽

Thiago Barth ◽

Anna Paola Trindade Rocha Pierucci ◽

Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Time Trial ◽

Minute Volume ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Ergogenic Effects ◽

And Performance ◽

Experimental Trials ◽

Acute Intake

The present study investigated whether the caffeine supplementation for four days would induce tolerance to the ergogenic effects promoted by acute intake on physiological, metabolic, and performance parameters of cyclists. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design was employed, involving four experimental trials; placebo (4-day)-placebo (acute)/PP, placebo (4-day)-caffeine (acute)/PC, caffeine (4-day)-caffeine (acute)/CC and caffeine (4-day)-placebo (acute)/CP. Fourteen male recreationally-trained cyclists ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg∙kg−1) for 4 days. On day 5 (acute), capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg∙kg−1) were ingested 60 min before completing a 16 km time-trial (TT). CC and PC showed improvements in time (3.54%, ES = 0.72; 2.53%, ES = 0.51) and in output power (2.85%, ES = 0.25; 2.53%, ES = 0.20) (p < 0.05) compared to CP and PP conditions, respectively. These effects were accompanied by increased heart rate (2.63%, ES = 0.47; 1.99%, ES = 0.34), minute volume (13.11%, ES = 0.61; 16.32%, ES = 0.75), expired O2 fraction (3.29%, ES = 0.96; 2.87, ES = 0.72), lactate blood concentration (immediately after, 29.51% ES = 0.78; 28.21% ES = 0.73 recovery (10 min), 36.01% ES = 0.84; 31.22% ES = 0.81), and reduction in expired CO2 fraction (7.64%, ES = 0.64; 7.75%, ES = 0.56). In conclusion, these results indicate that caffeine, when ingested by cyclists in a dose of 6 mg∙kg−1 for 4 days, does not induce tolerance to the ergogenic effects promoted by acute intake on physiological, metabolic, and performance parameters.

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