Surgical Anatomy for Facelift

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Rami Batniji
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System

AbstractKnowledge of surgical anatomy is of paramount importance during surgical dissection for facelift surgery, regardless of the type of facelift procedure performed. This article reviews the relevant surgical anatomy for facelift, including the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and course of the facial nerve relative to the SMAS, zygomatic arch, and mandible. Also, this article reviews the various retaining ligaments, and some types of facelift procedures recommend release of these ligaments to achieve a more effective aesthetic result.

Surgical Anatomy for Extended Facelift Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Ozcan Cakmak ◽  
Ismet Emrah Emre
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extended Techniques ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve is crucial in any type of facial procedure. This is even more important when performing plastic surgery on the face. An intricate knowledge of the course of the facial nerve is a requisite prior to performing facelifts, regardless of the technique used. The complex relationship of the ligaments and the facial nerve may put the nerve at an increased risk of damage, especially if its anatomy is not fully understood. There are several danger zones during dissection where the nerve is more likely to be injured. These include the areas where the nerve branches become more superficial in the dissection plane, and where they traverse between the retaining ligaments of the face. Addressing these ligaments is crucial, as they prevent the transmission of traction during facelifts. Without sufficient release, a satisfying pull on the soft tissues may be limited. Traditional superficial musculoaponeurotic system techniques such as plication or imbrication do not include surgical release of these attachments. Extended facelift techniques include additional dissection to release the retaining ligaments to obtain a more balanced and healthier look. However, these techniques are often the subject of much debate due to the extended dissection that carries a higher risk of nerve complications. In this article we aim to present the relationship of both the nerve and ligaments with an emphasis on the exact location of these structures, both in regard to one another and to their locations within the facial soft tissues, to perform extended techniques safely.

scholarly journals Surgical anatomy of the ovine sural nerve for facial nerve regeneration and reconstruction research

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosuke Niimi ◽  
Satoshi Fukuda ◽  
Ryan S. Gilbert ◽  
Tuvshintugs Baljinnyam ◽  
Yu Niimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Surgical Anatomy

THE SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE OSSICULAR MUSCLES AND THE FACIAL NERVE

1967 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1269-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Anson ◽  
James A. Donaldson ◽  
Raymond L. Warpeha ◽  
Thomas R. Winch
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Anatomy

Surgical Anatomy of the Parotid Gland

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superficial Lobe

The parotid gland consists of two lobes: superficial and deep with regard to its relation with the facial nerve. It is wrapped around the mandibular ramus and secretes saliva through the parotid (Stensen's) duct. It is a paired organ, weighing 15-30g each. Its superficial lobe overlies the lateral surface of the masseter muscle and is bounded superiorly by the zygomatic arch, while its deep lobe is located in the pre-styloid compartment of the parapharyngeal space between the mastoid process posteriorly, ramus of mandible anteriorly, and external auditory meatus superiorly. Medially, the gland reaches to the styloid process. Inferiorly, the parotid tail extends down to the anteromedial margin of sternocleido-mastoid muscle. Several structures run through the parotid gland, namely, terminal segment of external carotid artery, retro-mandibular vein, parotid lymph nodes, and facial nerve, which soon gives two divisions (temporo-facial and cervico-facial) that give off five branches inside the gland radiating forwards. This chapter explores the surgical anatomy of the parotid gland.

A Simple Clinical Application for Locating the Frontotemporal Branch of the Facial Nerve Using the Zygomatic Arch and the Tragus

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. NP223-NP227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kit Green Sanderson ◽  
Alyssa Conti ◽  
Mariah Colussi ◽  
Cara Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Seventh Cranial Nerve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Simple Surface

Abstract Background The seventh cranial nerve (CN VII), also known as the facial nerve, is an anatomically intricate structure the branches of which serve several physiologic functions. CN VII innervates the muscles of facial expression which are crucial for eye protection, oral competence, and social interaction. The temporal branch, clinically referred to as the frontotemporal branch (FTB), is the most superior of the 5 branches and is at risk during cutaneous surgery of the parotid gland and in the temporal region. Several methods for delineating the FTB trajectory exist, the most widely known being Pitanguy’s Line, which is defined as running from 0.5 cm below the tragus to 1.5 cm above the lateral eyebrow. However, variations in eyebrow location, often affected by modern-day cosmetic trends, complicate the accuracy of this approach. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a surgical landmark to identify FTB location without relying on soft tissue structures. Methods To minimize variation, we chose landmarks that were both consistent and easy to locate based on simple surface anatomy. Twenty-one cadaver hemifaces were dissected in order to locate the FTB in relation to the inferior border of the zygomatic arch and the apex of the tragus. Results We found that the mean ± SEM distance from the apex of the tragus to the point where the FTB crossed the inferior border of the zygomatic arch was 3.21 ± 0.05 cm. Conclusions Through the use of this measurement, we aim to avoid the pitfalls of previous techniques by providing a widely applicable clinical tool based on landmarks easily found on any patient. Level of Evidence: 4

Surgical Anatomy of the Facial Nerve

1973 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Anson ◽  
J. A. Donaldson ◽  
R. L. Warpeha ◽  
M. J. Rensink ◽  
B. B. Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Anatomy

scholarly journals Component Approach to the Temporomandibular Joint and Coronoid Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles J. Pfaff ◽  
James Clune ◽  
Derek Steinbacher
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Aesthetic Outcome ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Ideal Approach ◽  
Component Approach ◽  
Neurovascular Structures ◽  
The Ideal

Reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region is challenging. The conventional direct preauricular incision permits only limited access to the TMJ and surrounding structures, therefore risking injury to the facial nerve during retraction. The ideal approach allows sufficient exposure, preservation of underlying neurovascular structures, and achieves an optimal aesthetic outcome. We describe a preauricular posttragal incision with a superficial musculoaponeurotic system flap to allow wide exposure of the zygomatic arch, TMJ, condyle, and coronoid process. We postulate that this approach improves access, lessens the amount of retraction required, and creates a more inconspicuous scar.

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