A General Model of Drug Prescription

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Séné ◽  
I. de Zegher ◽  
C. Milstein ◽  
S. Errore ◽  
F de Rosis ◽  
...  

Abstract:Currently, there is no widely accepted structured representation of drug prescription. Nevertheless, a structured representation is required for entering and storing drug prescriptions avoiding free text in computerized systems, and for drug prescription reviews. Derived from part of the work of the European OPADE project, we describe an object-oriented model of drug prescription which incorporates important concepts such as the phase and triggering event concepts. This model can be used to record all drug prescriptions, including infusions, in a structured way avoiding free text. The phase concept allows the storage of sequentially ordered dosage regimens for a drug within the same prescription. The prescription triggering event concept allows recording of the administration of a drug conditional to dates, symptoms and clinical signs, medical procedures, and everyday life events. This model has been implemented within the OPADE project; the corresponding aspects of the user interface are presented to show how this model can be used in practice. Even if other new attributes may be added to the described objects, the structure of this model is suitable for general use in software which requires the entry, storage and processing of drug prescriptions.

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Duclos ◽  
A. Venot

Abstract:No standardized representation of drug indications is currently available that could be used in drug knowledge bases. We describe an object-oriented representation of indications that should make it possible to develop new tools for selecting drugs and checking prescriptions in computerized drug prescription systems. The model was developed using the results of a lexical and semantic analysis of drug indications, collected into a single file and processed using natural language processing software. It distinguishes both the diseases for which the drug may be given and the efficiency of the drug for a given indication. Two aspects of the model were evaluated: the differences if two independent evaluators filled the attributes independently and the loss of information induced by the use of the model. A system based on this model, making it possible for the physician to select all the drugs satisfying various criteria, is also presented.


Author(s):  
E.A. Panova ◽  
V.A. Serov ◽  
A.M. Shutov ◽  
N.N. Bakumtseva ◽  
M.Yu. Kuzovenkova

The aim of the work is to study the daily practice of prescribing drugs at the outpatient stage of medical care and to analyze the data obtained based Beers 2012 criteria and STOPP / START version 1. Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed drug prescriptions for 150 outpatients, who were over 65 years old. Results. Cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the osteo-articular system and type 2 diabetes mellitus prevailed in the morbidity structure of patients. Oncological diseases, thyroid diseases, bronchial asthma, cataracts, pancreatitis, anemia, peptic ulcer disease were diagnosed in some patients. All drug prescriptions during the year were taken into account. Simultaneous prescription of more than 4 drugs was considered polypharmacy. All the patients were monitored for a year since drug prescriptions had been made. Death was taken as the end point. The authors considered drug therapy to be irrational according to Beers and STOPP / START criteria. The therapeutic value of drug prescription audit based on restrictive lists was evaluated. Conclusions. Polypharmacy is observed in more than half of elderly outpatients. According to Beers 2012 criteria, irrational drug therapy was detected in 20 % of elderly patients, according to STOPP and START lists – in 43.3 % and 66.6 %, respectively. The lack of drug prescriptions in accordance with START criteria is associated with increased mortality of elderly patients. Keywords: polypharmacy, pharmacotherapy, drug therapy, geriatrics, restrictive lists, Beers criteria, STOPP / START criteria. Цель работы – изучение ежедневной практики назначения лекарственных препаратов на амбулаторном этапе медицинской помощи и анализ полученных данных на основе критериев ограничительных перечней Бирса 2012 г. и STOPP/START версии 1. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы лекарственные назначения 150 пациентам старше 65 лет, находившимся на амбулаторном лечении. Результаты. В структуре заболеваемости пациентов преобладали сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, а также болезни костно-суставной системы и сахарный диабет 2-го типа. Онкологические заболевания, заболевания щитовидной железы, бронхиальная астма, катаракта, панкреатит, анемия, язвенная болезнь диагностированы у единичных больных. Учитывались все лекарственные назначения в течение года. За полипрагмазию принималось одновременное назначение более 4 препаратов. В течение последующего года отслеживалось состояние пациентов, за конечную точку принята смерть. Выявлена нерациональная лекарственная терапия на основе критериев Бирса и STOPP/START. Оценена терапевтическая значимость аудита лекарственных назначений по ограничительным перечням. Выводы. Полипрагмазия наблюдается более чем у половины амбулаторных пациентов пожилого возраста. На основе критериев ограничительных перечней Бирса 2012 г. нерациональная лекарственная терапия выявлена у 20 % пациентов пожилого возраста, на основе критериев STOPP и START – у 43,3 и 66,6 % соответственно. Отсутствие назначений лекарств в соответствии с критериями START ассоциировано с увеличением смертности пациентов пожилого возраста. Ключевые слова: полипрагмазия, фармакотерапия, лекарственная терапия, гериатрия, ограничительные перечни, критерии Бирса, критерии STOPP/START.


2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A41.1-A41
Author(s):  
M Pinturaud ◽  
M Rannou ◽  
M Mutombo ◽  
E Desaintfucien ◽  
C Bonenfant

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