Calcified Prolactinoma of the Pituitary Gland: Illustrative Case Reports Highlighting Medical versus Surgical Intervention

AbstractThe presence of calcification is uncommon in pituitary adenomas, and often lends support to other diagnoses including craniopharyngioma. The majority of calcified pituitary adenomas are prolactin-secreting tumors. We report two patients with calcified macroprolactinomas, one that was treated medically with a biochemical response and partial tumor response, and one that was treated successfully via an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Suspected calcified prolactinomas can be initially managed medically as per standard treatment for typical prolactinomas; however, the presence of diffuse calcification may hinder tumor shrinkage. Tumors that are refractory to medical treatment can be safely managed with surgery.

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Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach to Resect the Pituitary Adenomas Invading the Cavernous Sinus

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1314056 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 73 (S 02) ◽

Author(s):

Q. Wang ◽

X.-J. Lu ◽

W.-Y. Ji ◽

B. Li

Keyword(s):

Cavernous Sinus ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Transsphenoidal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal

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Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Pituitary Adenomas: A Series of 560 Patients

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1314045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 73 (S 02) ◽

Author(s):

A. Paluzzi ◽

P. Gardner ◽

J. Fernandez-Miranda ◽

M. Koutourousiou ◽

M. Tormenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal

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Outcomes of Visual and Oculomotor Function in Patients with Pituitary Adenomas after Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery

10.1055/s-0039-1679532 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bakhtiyar Pashaev ◽

Liliya Hisanova ◽

Dmitriy Bochkarev ◽

Valeriy Danilov ◽

Andrey Alekseev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery ◽

Endonasal Surgery ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

Oculomotor Function

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Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery for Growth Hormone Secreting Pituitary Adenomas

Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-2011-1274238 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Shin ◽

Matthew Tormenti ◽

Sue Challinor ◽

Tian Wang ◽

Juan Fernandez-Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery ◽

Endonasal Surgery ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal

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Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery in Recurrent and Residual Pituitary Adenomas after Microscopic Resection

Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-2011-1274234 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

Hussein Alahmadi ◽

Amir Dehdashti ◽

Fred Gentili

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery ◽

Endonasal Surgery ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal

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Application of Nasomer in surgical treatment of patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2-3(2) 2019 - OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY ◽

10.37219/2528-8253-2018-2-39 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

Vladimir Bereznyuk ◽

Alexander Chernokur ◽

Oleg Gospod

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Paranasal Sinuses ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Main Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Nasal Breathing ◽

Minimal Invasiveness

Relevance: Modern endonasal surgery allows to remove polyps from all affected paranasal sinuses, following the principles of minimal invasiveness. Minimal traumatic of surgical intervention gives the best results, accompanied by less progression of the disease. Minimal invasiveness of surgical intervention and its obligatory combination with postoperative medical treatment are common practice in many countries. One of the drugs that actively effect the restoration of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the early postoperative period is Nazomer, which includes sodium hyaluronate and dexpanthenol in saline solution. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the drug Nazomer in patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis after endoscopic polyposynosotomy. Results and discussion: The main group consisted of 30 patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis, who were prescribed Nasomer in addition to standard treatment in the postoperative period. The control group included 30 patients who underwent standard treatment in the postoperative period. As criteria for clinical efficacy, data from endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and indicators of anterior rhinomatometry, measured by the «Optimus» device, were selected. In the main group, the index of nasal breathing according to rhinomatometry was better than the results of patients in the control group on the 3rd and 5th day of the postoperative period by 26% and 24%, respectively. Conclusion: The use of the drug Nazomer in the postoperative period in patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis contributes to more active restoration of respiratory function of the nasal cavity compared with the control group, according to rhinomatometry, up to 26%. Based on the results obtained, the drug Nazomer is an effective anti-inflammatory and regenerative agent in the postoperative period in patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis.

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Local Chemotherapy as an Adjuvant Treatment in Unresectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What Do We Know So Far?

Current Oncology ◽

10.3390/curroncol28040213 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 2317-2325

Author(s):

Luigi Bennardo ◽

Francesco Bennardo ◽

Amerigo Giudice ◽

Maria Passante ◽

Stefano Dastoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Systemic Chemotherapy ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Case Reports ◽

Case Series ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Local Chemotherapy

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common cancers involving skin and oral mucosa. Although this condition’s gold-standard treatment is the surgical removal of the lesions, the physician must propose alternative treatments in some cases due to the patient’s ineligibility for surgery. Among the available alternative therapies, local chemotherapy may represent an initial treatment in combination with radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy due to the low frequency of side-effects and the lack of necessity for expensive devices. Methods: In this paper, we review all available literature in various databases (PubMed, Scopus-Embase, Web of Science), proposing local chemotherapy as a treatment for cutaneous and oral SCC. Exclusion criteria included ocular lesions (where topical treatments are common), non-English language, and non-human studies. Results: We included 14 studies in this review. The majority were case reports and case series describing the treatment of non-resectable localized SCC with either imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil. We also analyzed small studies proposing combination treatments. Almost all studies reported an excellent clinical outcome, with a low risk of relapses in time. Conclusions: Resection of the lesion remains the gold-standard treatment for SCC. When this approach is not feasible, local chemotherapy may represent a treatment alternative, and it may also be associated with radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy.

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Therapeutic Management of a Substantial Pelvic Aneurysmatic Bone Cyst Including the Off-Label Use of Denosumab in a 35-Year-Old Female Patient

Case Reports in Orthopedics ◽

10.1155/2017/9125493 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

D. Ntalos ◽

M. Priemel ◽

C. Schlickewei ◽

D. M. Thiesen ◽

J. M. Rueger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Female Patient ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Case Reports ◽

Bone Cyst ◽

Off Label Use ◽

Aneurysmal Bone Cysts ◽

Promising Therapeutic Agent

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign bone tumors, which are highly vascularized. The main course of treatment is curettage followed by bone grafting or cement insertion. Still recurrence remains a main problem for patients. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody, which acts as an inhibitor of the RANK/RANKL pathway, diminishing bone turnover. Recent case reports have shown that Denosumab can be a promising therapeutic agent for people suffering from therapy-resistant ABC. We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting with a pronounced ABC of the pelvis. Since the tumor was inoperable, Denosumab was administered, leading to a significant shrinkage of the lesion, which allowed surgical intervention. Upon recurrence, Denosumab was restarted putting the patient once more into remission. Follow-up was four years overall with a clinical and radiological stable disease for fifteen months after final discontinuation of the monoclonal antibody. Therefore, our case further underlines the potential of Denosumab in the treatment of ABC.

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