scholarly journals Prevention of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction by Bradykinin and Prostaglandins

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Latour ◽  
C. Léger-Gauthier ◽  
C. Groulx
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

We have investigated, in the pregnant rat, the implications of Hageman factor and prekallikrein activation in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR). We have found that unlike the hyperlipemia animal, the pregnant rat, which develops the GSR after a single injection of endotoxin (S. typhosa 0.4 mg) on day 20 of gestation, does not consume prekallikrein. Prekallikrein was estimated by measurement on TAME of the arginine esterase activity generated by kallikrein upon addition of active Hageman factor to the test plasma. Bradykinin triacetate (2 or 4 μg/kg/min.), prostaglandin (PG) E-, (0.3 μg/kg/min.), PGA2 (1.0 μg/kg/min.) or isoproterenol (0.66 μg/kg/min.) when given as a slow infusion over 4 hours, from the time of the endotoxin to the sacrifice of the animals, were found to prevent the GSR. On the other hand, aspirin (150 mg/kg) or propranolol (2 mg/kg) given before endotoxin enhance the incidence or severity of the GSR. Furthermore, aspirin markedly reduces the prevention generated by bradykinin infusion and to a less extent that of isoproterenol. Finally, indomethacin (7 mg/kg) given twice daily for 3 days sensitizes the male rat to the GSR, since a single injection of endotoxin triggers deposition of fibrin in the glomerular capillaries. It is concluded that bradykinin generates the release of PG’s and that together they prevent, like the α-adrenergic and the D-serotoninergic blocking agents and or like a β-adrenergic stimulation, the renal vasomotor reactions found necessary for the GSR. These results support the hypothesis that impairment of kinin generation may possibly account for the sensitization of the pregnant rat to the GSR.

Hageman Factor Activity in Liquoid-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-070 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Müller-Berghaus ◽  
H. G Lasch
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Coumarin Derivative ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

Summary1. Consumption coagulopathy was induced by intravenous injection of Liquoid (sodium polyanetholsulfonate) into rabbits. Thirteen out of 21 animals injected with Liquoid showed fibrin formation in the renal glomerular capillaries characteristic of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. In these 13 animals, a pronounced drop in Hageman factor activity was observed in addition to a decrease in platelet counts and fibrinogen levels.2. The consumption coagulopathy induced by Liquoid could be prevented by pretreatment of the rabbits with phenprocoumon, a coumarin derivative. None of 21 rabbits pretreated by this anticoagulant and injected with Liquoid showed fibrin in the renal glomerular capillaries. Phenprocoumon pretreatment did not influence the decrease in platelet counts, but it did significantly diminish the drop in fibrinogen levels. Although disseminated intra vascular coagulation and the generalized Shwartzman reaction could be inhibited by phenprocoumon pretreatment, this anticoagulant could not prevent the initial drop in Hageman factor activity after Liquoid injection.3. Phenprocoumon did not influence the activity or synthesis of Hageman factor. As phenprocoumon pretreatment could not prevent the drop in Hageman factor activity after intravenous injection of Liquoid, it might be concluded that the Hageman factor is either consumed, directly inactivated or destroyed in the animals independent of the presence of the prothrombin complex. These findings support earlier studies which have shown that inhibition of Hageman factor activation in vivo can prevent the generalized Shwartzman reaction induced by Liquoid.

Production of the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction by Activated Hageman Factor and α-Adrenergic Stimulation

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 071-076 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G McKay ◽  
J.-G Latour ◽  
Anatalia M. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Glomerular Capillary ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryInfusion of activated purified Hageman factor and norepinephrine into pregnant rats produces renal glomerular capillary thrombosis identical to the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Activated Hageman factor alone, norepinephrine alone, and inosithin (a substitute for platelet phospholipid) alone, in addition to the combination of inosithin and norepinephrine were incapable of causing the reaction. These studies confirm the evidence that four basic components of the reaction are 1. activation of Hageman factor, 2. platelet phospholipid, 3. ‘‘fibrinolysin inhibition’’, and 4. stimulation of α-adrenergic receptor sites.

Liquoid Induced Stasis and the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Nordstoga
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Glomerular Capillaries

SummaryThe composition of the occlusive material within dilated glomerular capillaries, following intravenous injections of Liquoid in blue foxes, was studied electron microscopically; it was found that it mainly consisted of a debris in which disintegrated red cells constituted the major component. Damaged platelets and necrotic endothelial remnants were other components. These observations were interpreted as a result of glomerular stasis, and it was concluded that stasis in glomerular capillaries is a basic event in the development of the renal lesions accompanying the generalized Shwartzman reaction.

Activation of Hageman Factor by α-Adrenergic Stimulation

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G McKay ◽  
J.-G Latour ◽  
Mary H. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryThe infusion of epinephrine in high doses produces disseminated intravascular coagulation by activation of Hageman factor. The effect is blocked by phenoxybenz-amine and is therefore due to stimulation of α-adrenergic receptor sites.

Consumption of Hageman Factor Activity in the Generalized Shwartzman Reaction Induced by Liquoid

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 386-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Müller-Berghaus ◽  
H. G Lasch
Keyword(s):  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Factor Activity ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction

SummaryThe role of Hageman factor in triggering intravascular coagulation has been studied in rabbits injected intravenously with Liquoid. Besides changes of coagulation parameters characteristic of consumption coagulopathy (e.g. decrease in platelet counts, fibrinogen levels, factor V activity), a pronounced drop in Hageman factor activity was observed after injection of Liquoid. Likewise, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged.The activation of Hageman factor in vivo could be prevented by intravenous infusion of lysozyme. Twenty min after starting the lysozyme infusion, the partial thromboplastin time became prolonged from a mean of 29 sec to 108 sec. Animals infused with lysozyme and injected with a lethal dose of Liquoid did not develop a consumption coagulopathy. In the same manner, none of 10 animals treated with lysozyme developed the generalized Shwartzman reaction, whereas in the control group 19 out of 20 animals showed fibrin thrombi in the glomerular capillaries.From the present study it may be concluded that the intravascular coagulation process after intravenous injection of Liquoid is triggered by Hageman factor activation.

CORTICOTROPIN-BESTIMMUNG ANHAND DES CORTICOSTERONANSTIEGES IM NEBENNIEREN-VENENBLUT HYPOPHYSEKTOMIERTER RATTEN

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Retiene ◽  
H. Ditschuneit ◽  
M. Fischer ◽  
K. Kopp ◽  
E. F. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Corticotrophin has been measured by using the corticotrophin-induced increase of corticosterone in adrenal venous blood of rats, the corticotrophin secretion of which has been blocked by preliminary injection of dexamethasone. Sensitivity and precision of this technique have not been higher than in the simpler procedure using corticosterone increase in peripheral blood. Single injection of dexamethasone on the other hand did not prevent release of endogenous corticotrophin following major surgery, required for canulation of the adrenal vein. In hypophysectomized rats corticotrophin can be measured by using adrenal venous blood. 0.05 mU corticotrophin (US-P-Standard) has been determined with an index of precision of λ = 0.13. The consistent relation between initial and elevated corticosterone level following corticotrophin in both peripheral and adrenal venous blood makes it highly unlikely that other modifications of this kind of assay will increase sensitivity.

Preoperative Embolization for Meningioma Using Lipiodol

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yasui ◽  
Y. Shoda ◽  
T. Suyama ◽  
Y. Numa ◽  
Y.Y. Amanouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Preoperative Embolization ◽  
Embolic Material ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Perifocal Oedema ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
Proximal Occlusion

Four patient (3 males, 1 female) with meningioma treated by preoperative embolization using lipiodol since January 1997 were included in this study. Almost the same procedure was performed on them; superselective catheterization into feeders from the external carotid artery, slow infusion of lipiodol, and proximal occlusion with liquid coils. Duration between embolization and direct surgery varied (5–13 days). Three meningiomas resected 5 days after the embolization were successful but one resected after 13 days needed transfusion. Post operative complications were seen in two patients, one is lockjaw due to ischaemia of the temporal muscles, and the other is transient dilatation of perifocal oedema. The ischaemic effect and safety of lipiodol as embolic material are discussed.

Let the Witness Speak: From Archi-writing to the Community to come

Derrida Today ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Francesco Vitale
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Metaphysics Of Presence ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Sacrifice

The paper aims to present a reading of the question of Testimony rising in Derrida's later works (from Faith and Knowledge to Poetics and Politics of Witnessing): the experience of Testimony as the irreducible condition of the relation to the Other, of every possible link among living human singularities and, thus, of the thinking of a community to come. This thinking is able to divert the community from the economy grounding and structuring it within our political tradition governed by the metaphysics of presence, which demands the sacrifice of the Other in its multiple theoretical and practical forms. We intend to read this proposal and to point out its rich perspectives by bringing it into the articulation of an ethical-political archi-writing. So we suggest going back to Derrida's early analyses of phenomenology and to De la grammatologie in order to present a reading of archi-writing as the irreducible condition of the relation to otherness and, thus, of the experience through which a living human singularity constitutes itself, a singularity different from the one our tradition compels us to think of within the pattern of the absolute presence to the self, free from the relation to the other.

scholarly journals Eruptions of the Ethical Baroque

Konturen ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Shankman
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Painting And Literature ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Sacrifice Of Isaac

Renaissance perspective constructs objective reality from the viewpoint of a sovereign subject. The border protecting the sovereignty of this subject is sometimes crossed, in the Baroque, by means of the subject's sudden awareness of the humanity of the other person and of our inescapable responsibility for that unique and irreplaceable other. With examples from music, painting, and literature, I discuss what I call “eruptions of the ethical Baroque.” These eruptions trouble the serenity of the arts and haunt us: one such eruption reveals, to the Christian warrior-crusader Tancredi, the face of the apparently Muslim female warrior Clorinda, in Monteverdi's "Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda"(1624); another reveals, to Abraham—in Rembrandt's 1635 painting of "The Sacrifice of Isaac"— the face of his son Isaac and then suddenly interrupts what appeared to have been an imminent murder; another forces us to encounter, in Shakespeare's disruptively sober prose, Shylock's Jewish eyes; yet another, in Paul Celan's arguably modern Baroque poem "Tenebrae", interrupts—but too late, tragically—the profoundly enchanting pathos of François Couperin's high Baroque choral masterpiece, "Leçons de ténèbres", which inspired Celan's poem.

Induction of generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR) in irradiated rabbits by a single injection of endotoxin

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wronowski ◽  
B. Uchańska-Dudzińska ◽  
E. Teisseyre ◽  
M. Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction
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