scholarly journals Gantzer muscles; a study on 50 cadaveric upper limbs

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Roshni Bajpe ◽  
Tarakeshwari R. ◽  
Shubha R.
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Compressive Neuropathy ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deep Flexors ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Abstract Background : Gantzer muscle is the name given to the additional head of Flexor Digitorum Profudus (FDP) or Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL). It connects the superficial flexors and deep flexors of forearm. It sometimes may be related to Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN) and Ulnar artery causing Compressive Neuropathy or Vascular symptoms. Aim: To assess incidence of Gantzer muscle in South Indian population, its morphology and clinical significance. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 50 upper limbs dissected by first year M.B.B.S students. Results : Nine upper limbs showed the presence of Gantzer muscle, three belonged to the right and six belonged to the left. Observations : Additional heads were associated as follows: From FDP-2 and from FPL-7. Innervation was either from Median nerve, Anterior Interosseous nerve or Ulnar nerve. Superficially median nerve was related, deep relations were Ulnar artery and Anterior Interosseous nerve. In one case, Median nerve and artery were related superficially. Conclusion: Gantzer muscle is important clinically as a cause of vascular or nerve compression.

scholarly journals Uncommon course of the ulnar artery through the pronator teres muscle

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (195) ◽  
pp. 946-948
Author(s):  
Katerina Vymazalová ◽  
Lenka Vargová ◽  
Marek Joukal
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
Cubital Fossa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

In this paper, we describe a very rare variant in the course of the ulnar artery that we encountered in dissecting the right upper limb of a 74-year-old man. The ulnar artery arose standardly from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. However, its ensuing course differed from the norm. The artery entered together with the ulnar vein and median nerve into the pronator canal (between the humeral and ulnar heads of the pronator teres). Further, the ulnar artery descended classically to the ulnar side of the forearm between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis. Knowledge of this variation in the course of the ulnar artery may have significance in clinical practice because accumulation of anatomical structures in the pronator canal could be a predisposing factor for the compression of nerve or blood vessels. Keywords: anatomical variation; median nerve; pronator canal; pronator teres muscle; ulnar artery.  

scholarly journals Two muscular variations in the elbow associated with the anterior interosseous nerve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Olewnik ◽  
Bartłomiej Szewczyk ◽  
Nicol Zielinska ◽  
Dariusz Grzelecki ◽  
Michał Polguj
Keyword(s):  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
Flexor Pollicis Longus ◽  
Main Band ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Pronator Teres ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe coexistence of different muscular-neurovascular variations is of significant clinical importance. A male cadaver, 76 years old at death, was subjected to routine anatomical dissection; the procedure was performed for research and teaching purposes at the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz. The right forearm and hand were dissected using standard techniques according to a strictly specified protocol. The presence accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus may potentially compress the anterior interosseous nerve. The present case report describes a rare variant of the ulnar head of the pronator teres, characterized by two independent bands (i.e., two proximal attachments). The main band originates from the coronoid process and the second originates from the tendon of the biceps brachii. This type of attachment could potentially affect the compression of the ulnar artery running between the two bands. Additionally, the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus was observed, which started on the medial epicondyle; its coexistence with a high division median nerve creates a potential pressure site on the anterior interesosseous nerve.

scholarly journals Formation of Perioesophageal Plexus Gulae and Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks in South Indian Population : A morphological study

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Amudha Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
Madras Medical College ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Vagus

Abstract Background and Aim of the study: Vagus the wanderer is the tenth cranial nerve with long extra cranial course. Below the bifurcation of trachea, the right and left vagi form plexus around the oesophagus before they enter the abdomen as anterior and posterior vagal trunks. There are variations in the contribution by the right and left vagi for the formation of oesophageal plexus and according to Chamberlin and Winship there are three different patterns in the formation of peri oesophageal plexus. The present study was aimed to study the formation of perioesophageal plexus, incidence of different patterns of peri oesophageal plexus in south Iudian population and the number of vagal trunks formed from the oesophageal plexus in the lower end of the oesophagus. Materials and Methods : The formation of perioesophageal plexus Gulae was studied in forty four autopsy specimens of oesophagus and stomach and six foetal specimens at Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Results : The formation of perioesophageal plexus and the number of fibres from the right and left vagus nerves which contribute to the plexus formation were studied. There were significant differences in the formation of plexus Gulae. There were variations in the pattern of perioesophageal plexus and the number of vagal trunks arising from the plexus. The results of the present study in South Indian population were compared with the results in the Western population. Conclusions : Awareness regarding the presence of plexus Gulae and number of vagal trunks related to lower end of oesophagus has considerable importance in the surgical repair of hiatus hernia and while treating atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Humerus Length by its Proximal Segments: A South Indian Anatomical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 067-071
Author(s):  
Kasargod Umesh Prashanth ◽  
Mangala Manohar Pai ◽  
Bukkambudhi Virupakshamurthy Murlimanju ◽  
Latha Venkatraya Prabhu ◽  
Manoor Dass Prameela
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
The Right

Introduction To determine the morphometric data of the proximal segments of the humerus in the South Indian population, and to obtain the regression equations that will enable us to predict the whole length of humerus. Materials and Methods The present study included 166 dried adult human humeri. Their lengths were measured by using the osteometric board. The seven proximal segment lengths of the humeri were assessed by using a digital Vernier caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation 150 mm/6 inch, model number 500-196-20, Kawasaki, Japan). Results The mean humerus length in the present study was 30.75 ± 2.03 cm on the right side and 30.27 ± 2.28 cm on the left side. The comparison between the right and left sides of the proximal segments of the humerus did not yield statistically significant results (p > 0.05). The present study observed that the relationship between the dimensions of the proximal segments of the humerus and the length of humerus were strong (p = 0.00). The oblique length between the most proximal and distal points over the anatomical neck was the best parameter to predict the length of humerus (the Pearson coefficient was 0.78 for the right side and 0.77 for the left side). Conclusion The simple regression formulae, which were derived in this study, are helpful in the estimation of the length of the humerus. The formulae can be used in forensic investigations, in which the stature of a person has to be determined and only bone fragments are available. The morphometric data of the present study have implications in archaeological and anthropological studies. The data are enlightening to orthopedicians, when planning reconstructive surgeries of the proximal end of the humerus in the South Indian population.

The Flexor Pollicis Longus and its Relation to the Anterior and Posterior Interosseous Nerves

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SHIRALI ◽  
M. HANSON ◽  
G. BRANOVACKI ◽  
M. GONZALEZ
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Flexor Pollicis Longus ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Sixty paired cadaver upper extremities were dissected to study the anatomy of the flexor pollicis longus in the forearm and its relation to the median and anterior interosseous nerves. An accessory head was noted in 33 (55%) of 60 specimens. The accessory head was noted to pass anterior to the anterior interosseous nerve in all specimens. The accessory head was noted to pass posterior to the median nerve in 57 specimens, and anterior to the nerve in three. Tendon or muscle anomalies were noted in eight specimens (13%), seven of which involved an anomalous attachment between the FPL and the flexor digitorum profundus of the index.

scholarly journals A report on the accessory head of Flexor Pollicis Longus and Variations of Forearm Musculature

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 098-106
Author(s):  
S. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis ◽  
Flexor Pollicis Longus ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Accessory Muscles

Abstract Introduction: Gantzer's muscle has drawn attention from several authors owing to the possibility of interosseous nerve compression. This is a report of an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (FPL, a variant of Gantzer's muscle) and a review of the variations of all muscles of the forearm. Materials and Methods: An accessory head of FPL was discovered in both the right and left antebrachial regions during a cadaver dissection. The muscle was dissected and photographed. Results: The anatomical variation I report is a slender conical muscle joining the FPL. Its origin merged with fibers of the flexor digitorum superficialis. It inserted into the upper part of the middle third of the forearm by joining the medial tendinous part of the FPL; this join was by means of a short cylindrical tendon. The reported muscle was innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve, which was seen to be present posterolateral to the muscle in both forearms. Conclusion: The described muscle might cause pressure problems to the underlying structures especially the anterior interosseous nerve. Variations must be considered during surgical intervention to avoid unintentional damage to healthy tendons. In addition, accessory tendons can potentially be useful in the repair or replacement of damaged tendons through surgical transfer or transplantation. Variations of muscles, especially accessory muscles, may mimic the behavior of soft tissue tumors and can result in nerve compressions. This collection of variations of the forearm musculature will be useful to surgeons in practice as well as students in dissection labs.

scholarly journals The Incidence and Characteristics of Marinacci Anastomosis: An Anatomical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Hodzic ◽  
Mirsad Hodzic ◽  
Ermina Iljazovic ◽  
Nermina Piric ◽  
Sanela Zukic
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Ulnar Artery ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Clinical Centre ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anatomical Research

Marinacci anastomosis, also known as Ulnar-Median anastomosis, is an anastomosis in which the branch anastomotic originates proximally in the ulnar nerve and unites distally with the median nerve. A purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and  the characteristics of Marinacci anastomosis in the Bosnian population. The 60 anterior forearms of fresh frozen adult cadavers were dissected in the Department of Pathology,  University Clinical Centre Tuzla and the morgue of Tuzla during a time period of two years. The Marinacci anastomosis was evidenced in one male forearm in the right side behind the ulnar artery, following an transversal course of 5.2 cm until its connection with the median nerve in only one branch. The incidence of Marinacci anastomosis was 1.67%. Since this anastomosis can expalin some cases where injuries in the forearm nerves are not reflected in the hand muscles, it is important to study. Our study contributes to a limited research on the Marinacci anastomosis, a condition that is rarely found and reported in anatomical research.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variation of the Median Nerve Associated with an Anomalous Muscle of the Forearm

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atoni Dogood Atoni ◽  
Charles Aidemise Oyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Anomalous Muscle ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Abstract Documented anatomical variations are important not only for the study of the subject of anatomy, but also in clinical situation. This knowledge would aid surgeons in planning a preoperative strategy for surgical procedures and reconstructive surgery. The right forearm of a 35-year-old embalmed male cadaver present a splitting of the median nerve in the proximal 1/3 of the forearm to form medial and lateral divisions that accommodate an anomalous muscle. The split median nerve reunites at the distal 1/3 and continues as a single nerve. The anomalous muscle arises by muscle fibers from flexor digitorum superficialis and inserted by tendon into flexor digitorum profundus. There was no such variation in the left forearm. The knowledge of such anatomical variations is important to clinicians and surgeons in interpreting atypical clinical presentations and avoiding unusual injury during surgery.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study on Supratrochlear Foramen of Human Humerus and its Clinical Significance - A Review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207
Author(s):  
Lalita BT ◽  
Yuvaraj Maria Francis ◽  
Balaji K ◽  
Gunapriya Raghunath ◽  
Kumaresan M
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried humeri, 69 showed presence of STF, 163 were translucent and 42 were opaque. The prevalence of STF was 25.18%. After keen observation, shapes of the STF were categorized accordingly. The oval (42%) showed higher percentage whereas the other shapes showed as follows: - irregular (12%), round (19%), rectangular (12%), reniform (9.7%), sieve (7.3%) and triangular (2%). The mean vertical and transverse diameters of STF on the right side were 3.12 ± 1.09 and 5.5 ± 1.83mm and on the left side, it was 3.47± 1.32 and 4.9± 1.5mm respectively. The mean distance from STF to medial and lateral epicondyle on the right side was 25.12± 3.1 and 28.09± 2.3mm and for the left side 24.97± 2.9mm and 27.16± 2.4mm respectively. The anatomical knowledge regarding the supratrochlear foramen is much promising for the orthopaedic surgeons during intramedullary nailing for supracondylar fracture of humerus. STF appears as a radiolucent area in radiographs, which may pose a difficulty for the radiologist in differentiating it from an osteolytic or cystic lesion. In addition, STF is predominantly found in the primates, it may act an evolutionary link between the humans and lower animals.

scholarly journals Study of clavicle : length and curvatures in South Indian population

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
R. Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Lateral Angle ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and aim of the study: The clavicle is a subcutaneous bone most frequently fractured at the junction of its lateral and middle third of the shaft. Anatomical variations of the curvatures of clavicle can be of relevance for surgical correction procedures like intramedullary or internal plate fixation. The aim of the present study was to observe variations of length and medial and lateral angles of curvatures of the clavicle in a sample of South Indian population. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirteen unpaired clavicles (50 left side, 63 right side) of unknown sex and age were studied from the bone collection available at Anatomy departments of Annapoorana Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Medical and Homeopathy Colleges, Salem. To measure the angles, Parsons method and a protractor was used. Length of the clavicle was measured with a Vernier Calipers. Observation: The average length of the clavicle was found to be 13.74cm left side and 13.76cm on the right side. The average medial angle of the clavicle on the left side is 146° and right side is147.5°. The average lateral angle on the left side is 144° and right side is 142.05°.The total average angle of the clavicle is 290.30° on left side and 289.59° on right side. Conclusion: The average length of the clavicle on the right side is more than the left side. The medial angle on the right side and the lateral angle on left side are more than corresponding opposite sides. These variations can be useful for the orthopaedic surgeons during the surgical correction procedures of clavicle fractures.

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