scholarly journals DENTAL CARIES AND FLUORIDE LEVELS IN WATER AND MILK IN 13-15 YEAR OLD ADOLESCENT POPULATION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT, INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 018-021
Author(s):  
Mithra N. Hegde ◽  
Ashwitha Punja ◽  
Ganesh Bhat ◽  
Uday S. Mahale
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Community Water

Abstract Introduction Dental caries is an infectious microbiological disease affecting all age groups. Fluoride slows down the progression of an existing carious lesion thus reducing the incidence of dental caries. World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends 0.5 to 1 ppm fluoride content in community water supply and milk fluoridation in case of non-feasibility of community water fluoridation. The aim of present study was to determine fluoride levels in water and milk in Dakshina Kannada District and to co-relate them with the DMFT scores in13-15 year old adolescent population. Methodology Water samples were collected from six different regions and sources from Dakshina Kannada District. Water samples were tested for fluoride content by ion specific electrode. A school dental survey was conducted to determine different brands of milk consumed by the children and their DMFT index. Milk samples were tested for fluoride levels by Ion Specific electrode using TSAB-II solution. DMFT scores were correlated with fluoride level of milk consumed by population. Interobesrver reliability by kappa statistics and association test with one way ANOVA was done. Results The range of fluoride levels in waters samples was 0.01 to 0.17 ppm and that of milk samples was 0.176 to 1.38 ppm. There was no much difference in fluoride levels of different milk sources. Hence association between DMFT and milk fluoride levels was not statistically significant (p=0.2). Conclusion Negligible amounts of Fluoride levels were found in water and milk. There is scope to conduct milk or water fluoridation programme in South Kannada District as a caries prevention method.

Water fluoridation: current challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2019-318545
Author(s):  
John Furness ◽  
Sam J Oddie ◽  
Simon Hearnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Public Health Measure ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Do So

Dental extraction for caries is the most common reason for children aged 6–10 years to be admitted to hospital. Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) is safe and effective at reducing dental caries. It is most effective where there is more deprivation. However, many deprived areas do not have CWF despite Public Health England recommending it. Those who lobby against fluoridation do so using emotionally charged language and misinformation. We discuss the benefits of fluoridation and the specious arguments used against this important public health measure. The National CWF Network is led by dentists and promotes CWF. COVID-19 has led to the suspension of routine dentistry, renewing the urgency of implementation of CWF. Professional bodies such as the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health are urged to give their support.

scholarly journals Urinary Fluoride Levels among Canadians with and without Community Water Fluoridation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6203
Author(s):  
Julia K. Riddell ◽  
Ashley J. Malin ◽  
Hugh McCague ◽  
David B. Flora ◽  
Christine Till
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Urinary Fluoride ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation ◽  
Water Fluoride ◽  
Age And Sex

Drinking water is a major source of dietary fluoride intake in communities with water fluoridation. We examined the association between urinary fluoride adjusted for specific gravity (UFSG) and tap water fluoride levels, by age and sex, among individuals living in Canada. Participants included 1629 individuals aged 3 to 79 years from Cycle 3 (2012–2013) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We used multiple linear regression to estimate unique associations of tap water fluoride levels, age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), use of fluoride-containing dental products, smoking in the home, and tea consumption with UFSG. UFSG concentration was significantly higher among participants who received fluoridated drinking water (mean = 1.06 mg/L, standard deviation = 0.83) than among those who did not (M = 0.58 mg/L, SD = 0.47), p < 0.01. UFSG increased over adulthood (ages 19 to 79). Higher UFSG concentration was associated with being female, tea drinking, and smoking in the home. In conclusion, community water fluoridation is a major source of contemporary fluoride exposure for Canadians. Lifestyle factors including tea consumption, as well as demographic variables such as age and sex, also predict urinary fluoride level, and are therefore important factors when interpreting population-based fluoride biomonitoring data.

scholarly journals Dental caries and its association with increasing water fluoride concentration in district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Vartika Saxena ◽  
Manisha Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Fluoride

Background: Evidence from scientific literature confirms both beneficial and detrimental effects of fluoride on human health with only a narrow range between intakes associated with these effects. The limits of this range have been controversial among researchers since the 1930s. Considering this, the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of fluoride in India has been reduced from 1.5 to 1.0 mg/l in 1998. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increasing water fluoride levels and dental caries prevention on permanent teeth.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1400 children (aged 6–19 years). Caries experience and dental fluorosis were recorded using DMFT/deft and Dean's index respectively. Also, fluoride concentration in drinking water was analyzed. Around 14.4% of children had dental caries with maximum frequency among 9-10 years of age. A significant negative correlation between caries experience and water fluoride level was found (p<0.05), with the lowest DMFT scores at the fluoride level of 0.61–2 mg/l and the highest at 0.0–0.3 mg/l. Whereas, high prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed above 0.7 mg/l.Results: The study revealed that the presence of 0.3-0.7 mg/l fluoride in drinking water reduces dental caries, without an objectionable rise in dental fluorosis.Conclusions: It can be suggested that fluoride has anticaries property but due to a ‘narrow therapeutic window’ of 0.3-0.7 mg/l, in a country like India where endemic fluorosis is prevalent, its topical application should be encouraged which is almost equally effective with less systemic adverse effects.

scholarly journals Association Between Community Water Fluoridation and Severe Dental Caries Experience in 4-Year-Old New Zealand Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (10) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Philip J. Schluter ◽  
Matthew Hobbs ◽  
Helen Atkins ◽  
Barry Mattingley ◽  
Martin Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation
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