scholarly journals Quantitative Imaging in Muscle Diseases with Focus on Non-proton MRI and Other Advanced MRI Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 402-412
Author(s):  
Marc-André Weber ◽  
Armin M. Nagel ◽  
Hermien E. Kan ◽  
Mike P. Wattjes
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
Proton Mri

AbstractThe role of neuromuscular imaging in the diagnosis of inherited and acquired muscle diseases has gained clinical relevance. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially whole-body applications, is increasingly being used for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. In addition, they are considered as a powerful outcome measure in clinical trials. Because many muscle diseases have a distinct muscle involvement pattern, whole-body imaging can be of diagnostic value by identifying this pattern and thus narrowing the differential diagnosis and supporting the clinical diagnosis. In addition, more advanced MRI applications including non-proton MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion MRI, T2 mapping, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy provide deeper insights into muscle pathophysiology beyond the mere detection of fatty degeneration and/or muscle edema. In this review article, we present and discuss recent data on these quantitative MRI techniques in muscle diseases, with a particular focus on non-proton imaging techniques.

scholarly journals Advanced MRI Techniques for Muscle Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Leung ◽  
Darryl Sneag ◽  
Filippo Grande ◽  
John Carrino ◽  
Vivek Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Complete Evaluation

AbstractAdvanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can evaluate a wide array of muscle pathologies including acute or chronic muscle injury, musculotendinous response to injury, intramuscular collections and soft tissue masses, and others. In recent years, MRI has played a more important role in muscle disease diagnosis and monitoring. MRI provides excellent spatial and contrast resolution and helps direct optimal sites for muscle biopsy. Whole-body MRI now helps identify signature patterns of muscular involvement in large anatomical regions with relative ease. Quantitative MRI has advanced the evaluation and disease tracking of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration in entities such as muscular dystrophies. Multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) now allows a more thorough, complete evaluation of a muscle of interest without the inherent sampling bias of single-voxel MRS or biopsy. Diffusion MRI allows quantification of muscle inflammation and capillary perfusion as well as muscle fiber tracking.

Imaging in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie I.W. van de Stadt ◽  
Irene C. Huffnagel ◽  
Bela R. Turk ◽  
Marjo S. van der Knaap ◽  
Marc Engelen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Peroxisomal Disorders ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Male Patients

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for the detection of cerebral lesions in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). ALD is one of the most common peroxisomal disorders and is characterized by a defect in degradation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), resulting in accumulation of VLCFA in plasma and tissues. The clinical spectrum of ALD is wide and includes adrenocortical insufficiency, a slowly progressive myelopathy in adulthood, and cerebral demyelination in a subset of male patients. Cerebral demyelination (cerebral ALD) can be treated with hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) but only in an early (pre- or early symptomatic) stage and therefore active MRI surveillance is recommended for male patients, both pediatric and adult. Although structural MRI of the brain can detect the presence and extent of cerebral lesions, it does not predict if and when cerebral demyelination will occur. There is a great need for imaging techniques that predict onset of cerebral ALD before lesions appear. Also, imaging markers for severity of myelopathy as surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials would facilitate drug development. New quantitative MRI techniques are promising in that respect. This review focuses on structural and quantitative imaging techniques—including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, MR perfusion imaging, magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and myelin water fraction imaging—used in ALD and their role in clinical practice and research opportunities for the future.

Imaging Patterns of Muscle Atrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Wolf ◽  
Mike Wattjes ◽  
Marc-André Weber
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Quantitative Mri ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dystrophic Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mri ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Muscle Diseases ◽  
Surrogate Outcome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe role of muscle imaging in the diagnosis of inherited and acquired muscle diseases has gained clinical relevance. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for diagnostic purposes, especially with its capability of whole-body musculature assessment. The assessment and quantification of muscle involvement in muscle diseases can be of diagnostic value by identifying a certain involvement pattern and thus narrowing the differential diagnosis and supporting the clinical diagnosis. In addition, more recently the role of imaging has gone beyond diagnostic purposes and includes disease as well as treatment monitoring. Conventional and quantitative muscle MRI techniques allow for the detection of subclinical disease progression (e.g., in muscular dystrophies) and is a powerful surrogate outcome measure in clinical trials. We present and discuss recent data on the role of conventional and quantitative MRI in the diagnosis and monitoring of inherited dystrophic muscle diseases as well as muscle denervation.

The Role of Neuroimaging in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Depressive Disorder: A Recent Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 2515-2523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianbin Song ◽  
Xiaowei Han ◽  
Lei Du ◽  
Jing Che ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy

Depression is a mental disorder with serious negative health outcomes. Its main clinical manifestations are depressed mood, slow thinking, loss of interest, and lack of energy. The rising incidence of depression has a major impact on patients and their families and imposes a substantial burden on society. With the rapid development of imaging technology in recent years, researchers have studied depression from different perspectives, including molecular, functional, and structural imaging. Many studies have revealed changes in structure, function, and metabolism in various brain regions in patients with depressive disorder. In this review, we summarize relevant studies of depression, including investigations using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (task-state fMRI and resting-state fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), brain network and molecular imaging (positron emission tomography [PET] and single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), which have contributed to our understanding of the etiology, neuropathology, and pathogenesis of depressive disorder.

Contribution of net hepatic glycogenolysis to glucose production during the early postprandial period

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. E186-E191 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Petersen ◽  
T. Price ◽  
G. W. Cline ◽  
D. L. Rothman ◽  
G. I. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Relative contributions of net hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to glucose production during the first 12 h of a fast were studied in 13 healthy volunteers by noninvasively measuring hepatic glycogen content using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rates of net hepatic glycogenolysis were calculated by multiplying the change in liver glycogen content with liver volume determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Rates of gluconeogenesis were calculated as the difference between rates of glucose production determined with an infusion of [6,6-2H]-glucose and net hepatic glycogenolysis. At 6 P.M. a liquid mixed meal (1,000 kcal; 60% as glucose) was given, to which [2-2H]glucose was added to trace glucose absorption. Hepatic glycogen content was measured between 11 P.M. and 1 A.M. and between 3 and 6 A.M. At 11 P.M. the concentration was 470 mM and it decreased linearly during the night. The mean liver volume was 1.47 +/- 0.06 liters. Net hepatic glycogenolysis (5.8 +/- 0.8 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for, on average, 45 +/- 6% and gluconeogenesis for 55 +/- 6% of the rate of whole body glucose production (12.6 +/- 0.6 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1). In conclusion, this study shows that, even early in the phase of the postabsorptive period when liver glycogen stores are maximal, gluconeogenesis contributes approximately 50% to hepatic glucose production.

Skeletal muscle metabolism and work capacity: a 31P-NMR study of Andean natives and lowlanders

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1963-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Matheson ◽  
P. S. Allen ◽  
D. C. Ellinger ◽  
C. C. Hanstock ◽  
D. Gheorghiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Two metabolic features of altitude-adapted humans are the maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) paradox (higher work rates following acclimatization without increases in VO2max) and the lactate paradox (progressive reductions in muscle and blood lactate with exercise at increasing altitude). To assess underlying mechanisms, we studied six Andean Quechua Indians in La Raya, Peru (4,200 m) and at low altitude (less than 700 m) immediately upon arrival in Canada. The experimental strategy compared whole-body performance tests and single (calf) muscle work capacities in the Andeans with those in groups of sedentary, power-trained, and endurance-trained lowlanders. We used 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor noninvasively changes in concentrations of phosphocreatine [( PCr]), [Pi], [ATP], [PCr]/[PCr] + creatine ([Cr]), [Pi]/[PCr] + [Cr], and pH in the gastrocnemius muscle of subjects exercising to fatigue. Our results indicate that the Andeans 1) are phenotypically unique with respect to measures of anaerobic and aerobic work capacity, 2) despite significantly lower anaerobic capacities, are capable of calf muscle work rates equal to those of highly trained power- and endurance-trained athletes, and 3) compared with endurance-trained athletes with significantly higher VO2max values and power-trained athletes with similar VO2max values, display, respectively, similar and reduced perturbation of all parameters related to the phosphorylation potential and to measurements of [Pi], [PCr], [ATP], and muscle pH derivable from nuclear magnetic resonance. Because the lactate paradox may be explained on the basis of tighter ATP demand-supplying coupling, we postulate that a similar mechanism may explain 1) the high calf muscle work capacities in the Andeans relative to measures of whole-body work capacity, 2) the VO2max paradox, and 3) anecdotal reports of exceptional work capacities in indigenous altitude natives.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Whole Body (DWIBS). Potentialities and Perspectives for Application in Bone Pathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
A. K Morozov ◽  
A. N Makhson ◽  
I. N Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Imaging ◽  
Bone Pathology ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Whole Body Mri ◽  
Study Results ◽  
True Signal ◽  
Reduced Water

The purpose of the study was to determine the role and place of whole body MRI with DWIBS in diagnosis of human loco-motor system oncologic pathology. Two hundred fifty six patients with presumptive diagnosis of oncologic disease were examined. Obtained signal was evaluated by true signal intensity scale in minimal examination volume (voxel), either drawn through the volumetric lesion or in an isolated area of arbitrary shape. Study results were verified using standard MRI protocols (T1, T2, STIR), contrast enhancement, MSCT, radionuclide and morphologic examination. High sensitivity of the technique to pathologically changed tissues with reduced water diffusion coefficient was demonstrated. Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with DWIBS may be recommended as noninvasive screening technique for the diagnosis of both primary and secondary (metastases) oncologic process.

scholarly journals In vivo imaging techniques: a new era for histochemical analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Busato ◽  
P. Fumene Feruglio ◽  
P.P. Parnigotto ◽  
P. Marzola ◽  
A. Sbarbati
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In vivo imaging techniques can be integrated with classical histochemistry to create an actual histochemistry of water. In particular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), an imaging technique primarily used as diagnostic tool in clinical/preclinical research, has excellent anatomical resolution, unlimited penetration depth and intrinsic soft tissue contrast. Thanks to the technological development, MRI is not only capable to provide morphological information but also and more interestingly functional, biophysical and molecular. In this paper we describe the main features of several advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging and MRI with contrast agent as a useful support to classical histochemistry.

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